Bacterial wilt is one of the most destructive diseases affecting solanaceous crops such as tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, and potatoes. This disease damages the vascular tissues of plants, disrupting their ability to transport water and nutrients. The primary symptom is rapid wilting and death of the plant, while the stems and leaves remain green. When the affected stem is pressed, a milky white bacterial exudate can be observed. The disease thrives under conditions of high temperature, high humidity, continuous cropping, poor soil drainage, acidic soil, and excessive nitrogen fertilizer application. To prevent and control bacterial wilt, especially during the seedling stage of solanaceous vegetables like peppers, it's essential to implement integrated management strategies along with the use of appropriate pesticides.
One effective method is the application of micro-fertilizers, which can promote the development of plant vascular systems and enhance disease resistance. Starting from the flowering stage, you can spray a solution containing 100 grams of a multi-element high-efficiency boron fertilizer in 40 kg of water, or a mixture of 0.1% to 0.2% boric acid and manganese sulfate in 50–60 kg of water. This should be done every 10–20 days for a total of 2–3 applications. To reduce the risk of acid buildup in the plant, you may also apply a 0.5% sodium bicarbonate solution once or twice between these treatments.
In terms of chemical control, when growing potatoes, it's crucial to use disease-free seed potatoes. Soak them in a 200-fold dilution of formaldehyde solution for 1.5 to 2 hours, then rinse thoroughly with water. Any cutting tools used should be disinfected by soaking in 75% alcohol before use.
Before or after harvesting solanaceous crops, applying 1500–2000 grams of 20% soil bactericide WP per mu (approximately 667 square meters) mixed into moist topsoil can help eliminate pathogens in the soil. In the early stages of infection, spraying 50–60 kg of streptomycin solution per acre is recommended, with applications every 7–10 days for 2–3 times.
According to China Pesticide Network, in cases of bacterial wilt, using 20% bactericide wettable powder diluted at 700–800 times and applying it through irrigation or foliar spray is advised. Spray once every 7–10 days, repeating the process 2–3 times for optimal results. These measures, combined with good agricultural practices, can significantly reduce the impact of bacterial wilt on solanaceous crops.
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