Although Rhizobium bacteria can supply nitrogen to leguminous crops, during the early growth stage of these plants, when the rhizobia have not yet established a significant symbiotic relationship, it is important to supplement nitrogen fertilizer based on the soil’s fertility level. This ensures that the crop receives adequate nutrients before the biological nitrogen fixation process becomes effective. Additionally, as legumes transition into the reproductive phase, a large portion of the assimilated materials is directed toward seed development, which often leads to nodule senescence and a decline in nitrogen fixation activity.
Phosphorus plays a crucial role in promoting nodule development and enhancing the nitrogen-fixing capacity of the nodules. Therefore, it is essential to apply phosphate fertilizers appropriately to support this process. Similarly, potassium and calcium are vital for the growth and activity of beneficial microorganisms in the soil. The addition of calcium ions (Ca²âº) in acidic soils can accelerate nodule formation and increase the nodulation rate. When applying base fertilizers, it is recommended to include a certain amount of potassium fertilizer and calcium powder to improve soil pH and provide necessary nutrients.
Molybdenum is an essential micronutrient for Rhizobium, as it is required for the synthesis of nitrogenase, the enzyme responsible for nitrogen fixation. Applying molybdenum fertilizer can enhance the activity of Rhizobium and promote nodule formation and growth. It is advised to mix 0.1% to 0.05% Hefeng Molybdenum with Rhizobium inoculant for seed treatment. However, the concentration of molybdenum fertilizer mixed with Rhizobium should not exceed 0.3%, as higher concentrations may inhibit bacterial activity.
Boron is also an important nutrient for legumes, especially during flowering and pod development. Boron deficiency can reduce nodule formation and affect overall plant productivity. To meet the boron requirements, farmers can apply 500–1000 grams per mu of boron-containing granular fertilizer as a base application or spray a 1000-fold dilution of boron solution before and after flowering.
Furthermore, iron nutrition significantly influences nodule number, root nodule development, and nitrogen fixation activity. However, iron tends to be fixed in the soil and is not easily available to plants. Ferrous sulfate, commonly used as an iron source, can oxidize quickly in the air, reducing its effectiveness. To improve iron uptake, high-efficiency chelating agents such as spread-through can be added during foliar sprays, thereby increasing the efficiency of iron absorption by the plants.
By carefully managing these nutrients—nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, molybdenum, boron, and iron—farmers can optimize the performance of Rhizobium and enhance the overall productivity of leguminous crops. Each element plays a unique and critical role in supporting the symbiotic relationship between the plant and the bacteria, ensuring better growth, yield, and sustainability in agricultural systems.
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