Although Rhizobium can supply nitrogen to crops, during the early growth stage of legumes, when the bacteria have not yet established a significant presence, it is essential to supplement with nitrogen fertilizer based on the soil's fertility level. Additionally, once leguminous plants enter the reproductive phase, a large portion of the assimilated nutrients is redirected to seed development, causing the nodules to degrade and reducing nitrogen fixation activity.
Phosphorus plays a crucial role in nodule development and enhances the nitrogen-fixing capacity of the nodules, making it important to apply phosphate fertilizers appropriately. Potassium and calcium nutrition also support microbial activity in the soil. Applying calcium ions at low pH levels can promote nodule formation and increase the nodulation rate. Therefore, when applying base fertilizers, it is recommended to include potassium fertilizer and calcium powder to provide essential nutrients and help adjust the soil pH for better conditions.
Molybdenum is a vital element for Rhizobium to synthesize nitrogen-fixing enzymes. Molybdenum fertilizer can boost the activity of these bacteria and encourage nodule formation and growth. It is advised to mix 0.1% to 0.05% Hefeng Mo with Rhizobium for seed treatment, ensuring adequate molybdenum supply for the crop. However, it’s important to note that the concentration of molybdenum fertilizer mixed with Rhizobium should not exceed 0.3%, as higher concentrations may inhibit bacterial activity.
Boron is another essential nutrient for legumes. It can be applied using boron-enriched base fertilizer granules at a rate of 500–1000 grams per mu, or by spraying a diluted solution of boron granules before and after flowering to ensure sufficient boron availability.
Research also indicates that iron nutrition influences the number of nodules, root nodule development, and nitrogen fixation activity. Iron tends to be fixed in the soil and can oxidize easily in air, reducing its availability. To improve iron uptake efficiency, high-performance additives like chelating agents can be used during foliar sprays.
Overall, proper nutrient management is key to optimizing the symbiotic relationship between legumes and Rhizobium, ensuring healthy plant growth and efficient nitrogen fixation.
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