The laser rod is typically a solid-state material, with yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) as the most common base crystal. It can be doped with various ions, such as Nd³âº, Ce³âº/Nd³âº, Yb³âº, and others. In industrial applications like laser marking and cutting machines, Nd:YAG crystals are widely used due to their stability and performance.
Tunable laser rods allow adjustment of the output wavelength within a specific range, thanks to the d-d transitions of transition metal ions that are sensitive to the lattice field. Among these, Cr³âº-doped crystals like Cr³âº: LiCaAlF6 and Cr³âº: LiSrAlF6 are considered the best for tunability, covering a range from 0.78 to 1.01 micrometers. The first two have excellent mechanical properties, while the latter offers superior laser performance.
New wavelength laser rods are being developed for mid-infrared applications, such as Erâ‚.â‚…Yâ‚.â‚…Alâ‚…Oâ‚â‚‚, which emits at 2.94 micrometers. This wavelength is highly absorbed by water, making it ideal for medical applications where precise tissue ablation is required. Compared to 1.04 micrometers, the absorption coefficient at 3 micrometers is significantly higher, around 1, enabling more effective use in surgical procedures.
For semiconductor and small lasers, quantum well structures and superlattices play a crucial role in optoelectronic devices. Quantum well laser diodes (QWLDs) are particularly popular because of their high efficiency (up to 60%), compact size, and cost-effectiveness. They are commonly used in fiber optics and data transmission systems.
High-power laser rods are essential for industrial processes, especially in COâ‚‚ and Nd:YAG lasers. With the advancement of high-power semiconductor pumping technology, multi-rod serial configurations are now employed to achieve kilowatt-level average power outputs. These systems are critical for high-speed cutting, welding, and engraving operations in manufacturing environments.
Tunable laser rods allow adjustment of the output wavelength within a specific range, thanks to the d-d transitions of transition metal ions that are sensitive to the lattice field. Among these, Cr³âº-doped crystals like Cr³âº: LiCaAlF6 and Cr³âº: LiSrAlF6 are considered the best for tunability, covering a range from 0.78 to 1.01 micrometers. The first two have excellent mechanical properties, while the latter offers superior laser performance.
New wavelength laser rods are being developed for mid-infrared applications, such as Erâ‚.â‚…Yâ‚.â‚…Alâ‚…Oâ‚â‚‚, which emits at 2.94 micrometers. This wavelength is highly absorbed by water, making it ideal for medical applications where precise tissue ablation is required. Compared to 1.04 micrometers, the absorption coefficient at 3 micrometers is significantly higher, around 1, enabling more effective use in surgical procedures.
For semiconductor and small lasers, quantum well structures and superlattices play a crucial role in optoelectronic devices. Quantum well laser diodes (QWLDs) are particularly popular because of their high efficiency (up to 60%), compact size, and cost-effectiveness. They are commonly used in fiber optics and data transmission systems.
High-power laser rods are essential for industrial processes, especially in COâ‚‚ and Nd:YAG lasers. With the advancement of high-power semiconductor pumping technology, multi-rod serial configurations are now employed to achieve kilowatt-level average power outputs. These systems are critical for high-speed cutting, welding, and engraving operations in manufacturing environments.
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