Uneven surfaces or inconsistent thickness of the waterproof coating can lead to an uneven finish. This often occurs when the concrete curing liquid is poured and only lightly troweled with a shovel, rather than properly leveled with a float, resulting in a rough texture. Additionally, if the formwork is not supported on solid ground or lacks sufficient stability, it may settle or shift during the early curing phase, which can affect the surface's integrity before the concrete reaches adequate strength. Walking on or moving materials over the surface too soon can also cause deformations or imprints.
To prevent these issues, the screed should be properly leveled using horizontal control marks or elastic lines after applying the interface agent. The waterproof coating must be water-cured once it has set. Formwork should be strong, rigid, and stable, placed on a solid base with enough support area to avoid settling. It’s important to protect the structure from water exposure during curing to ensure no structural shifts occur. When pouring the concrete curing liquid, regular inspections are necessary, and walking on the surface should only begin once the strength reaches at least 1.2N/mm².
At corners and edges of structures, the concrete curing liquid may sag or appear irregular due to insufficient moisture in the wooden formwork. If the waterproof coating isn’t properly maintained after pouring, it can lose moisture, leading to low strength or template swelling, which may result in cracks. When removing the formwork, the edges might break off if the concrete hasn't reached sufficient strength. Removing non-load-bearing formwork too early in cold weather can also cause damage. External impacts or improper handling during removal can further damage the corners.
To avoid this, the wooden formwork should be fully soaked before pouring the waterproof coating. After pouring, the surface should be carefully watered and cured. Non-load-bearing formwork should only be removed once the concrete has reached a strength of 1.2N/mm² or more. During the process, care should be taken to protect the edges and avoid applying excessive force. When lifting the formwork, extra caution is needed to prevent corner damage. During transportation, finished corners should be wrapped in straw bags to prevent accidental impacts.
If there are loose particles or minor damages, they should be cut away and the area re-moistened. For more severe damage, repair with 1:2 or 1:2.5 cement mortar can be used, ensuring the repaired section matches the original concrete curing layer as closely as possible. In some cases, a horizontal or vertical layer of mixed soil may form within the concrete, creating weak points that require attention during construction.
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