As a kind of new type of fertilizer produced by water-saving irrigation agriculture, three-dimensional high-efficiency cultivation, high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques, water-soluble fertilizer has the characteristics of improving fertilizer utilization rate, energy saving and environmental protection, water saving, fertilizer saving, labor saving and increasing production. It is one of the important directions for the future development of fertilizer.
China now has 130 million hectares of cultivated land, and the area irrigated by farmland accounts for 56% of the total area of ​​cultivated land. “In the case that water supply cannot be completely solved, the expansion of irrigated area will mainly rely on water-saving irrigation.†Agricultural Resources of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wang Daolong, director of the Agricultural Regional Planning Institute, said.
More easily absorbed
“The use of water-soluble fertilizer is a requirement for scientific fertilization,†said Professor Zhang Chenglin, director of the Crop Nutrition and Fertilization Research Office of the South China Agricultural University.
Zhang Chenglin said that nutrients dissolved in water are more easily absorbed by plants. Taking root-based fertilizer as an example, in the process of fattening, it is easy to absorb near the root, and the relative concentration of nutrients far from the root is higher. There is a diffusion process in nature, and the high concentration of fertilizer far from the roots will spread with the soil to the roots, and the diffusion requires the participation of water.
"Foliar fertilizer, also requires the participation of water." Tong Baosheng, president of the Yongye Academy of Sciences, said.
It is understood that foliar fertilization is a way to provide nutrients to crops through crop leaves. The leaves of plants have upper and lower epidermis, which are composed of epidermal cells. The outer epithelial cells have stratum corneum and waxy outer layer, and the stratum corneum is composed of a kind of belt. It consists of a long carbon chain fatty acid polymer having a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group. The molecular interstices of the polymer and the hydrophilic groups of the hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups on the molecule allow the aqueous solution to penetrate into the leaves.
In the study of water-soluble fertilizers such as humic acid, it was found that the better the water solubility, the more the water is applied to the foliage, and the crops are more easily absorbed.
More water saving
"Since it is a water-soluble fertilizer, it definitely needs to consume water. Why is it more water-saving?"
In response to the reporter's question, Tong Baosheng explained: “Even if traditional fertilization methods, such as spreading fertilizer, there is no rainfall, no irrigation, crops can not be absorbed. Therefore, water-soluble fertilizer combined with irrigated agriculture, water and fertilizer integration, water saving, It has the characteristics of saving fertilizer, saving labor and time. It has been proved that the water-fertilizer integrated fertilization method can achieve more than 50% water saving and some even reach 90% compared with traditional watering and fertilization."
“Developing irrigation facilities, such as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation, requires water-soluble fertilizers. The finer the irrigation, the higher the solubility requirements for fertilizers. For example, the finest drip irrigation has the highest requirements for water-soluble fertilizers.†Zhang Chenglin said, otherwise it is easy to appear. Fertilizer blockage problems, such as drip irrigation, if water solubility is poor, it is very likely that just after water, the filter will clog and need to be cleaned immediately. “This will not only affect irrigation facilities, but it will also waste a lot of manpower.â€
“If there are fewer irrigation facilities, or if the interval between the clogging is longer, the cleaning can still be tolerated.†Tong Baosheng said, “But the large-scale irrigation is simply too busy.†He suggested that the fertilizer should be increased in speed and reduced. The water insoluble content is working hard to develop higher-end water-soluble fertilizers to improve irrigation efficiency.
Save money and save money
How to save water-soluble fertilizer?
“The key is to rely on water and fertilizer integration technology and facility irrigation.†Liu Xiaoxia, vice president of Chengdu Xindu Chemical Co., Ltd., listed a set of data for everyone:
Take 800 acres of banana land as an example, ordinary watering and fertilization, plus deep burial, watering once, fertilizing once, about 107 to 240 workers. The application of water and fertilizer integration technology requires only 8 workers to be watered once, and at least 99 workers.
Saving labor means saving money. Even if the cost of irrigation facilities is counted, water and fertilizer are more cost-effective. Gao Xiangzhao, director of the Water Conservation Department of the National Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Center, also lists a set of data for everyone:
With fertigation and fertigation facilities, the most expensive investment of 3,000 yuan per mu will cost 200 yuan per year in 15 years. However, ordinary irrigation facilities, such as canal irrigation, medium, about 1200 yuan per mu, are designed for a five-year period of use, which is higher than fertigation.
Fair use
"If you want to use water-soluble fertilizer reasonably, you must master some fertilization principles." Professor Zhang Chenglin said.
One is a small number of times, this is the most important principle, which can meet the characteristics of plants that continuously absorb nutrients. Plants, like humans, need nutrients for 24 hours; second, they must be balanced with nutrients, especially drip irrigation. Because in the case of drip irrigation, the dependence of crops on the soil is reduced, the dependence on fertilizer is higher; the third is to pay special attention to the electrical conductivity. The main reason is to prevent the fertilizer from burning out the foliage and roots, especially when using sprinkler irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation. Because the fertilizer concentration is too high, the water will evaporate, and the leaves will burn immediately; the fourth is to avoid excessive irrigation. Excessive irrigation is a waste of water. In addition, most of the water-soluble fertilizers contain fast-acting nitrogen, which is easy to run away with water, resulting in waste. The fifth is to understand the application of irrigation facilities and the pH of water to avoid precipitation and reduce the effectiveness of fertilizers. Particularly, it is applied to a saline-alkali ground, and calcium carbonate or the like is easily produced. You can take a small amount of well water to do an experiment to see how much will produce precipitation; the sixth is to pay attention to the uniformity of fertilization.
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(Southern Parsley)
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