Application of laser less scrap laser plate cutting technology Feng Aixin 1 Yin Sumin 1 Zhou Jianzhong 1 Zhang Yongkang 1 Dai Fengze 1 Xie Huazhen 2 (1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; 2. Chengdu Tool Research Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610056) The use of less waste-free laser sheet cutting technology can greatly improve material utilization, shorten cutting time and increase production efficiency. The laser cutting path optimization algorithm and the non-edge layout technology of the sheet are the key technical problems of laser cutting without scrap. In this paper, the principle of laser cutting path optimization with no waste is studied. On the basis of this, the laser cutting programming skills with less waste are studied, and the laser cutting practice of textile machinery is combined with the laser cutting technology. The results show that with less waste-free laser cutting technology, the material utilization rate can be 10%~30%, and the cutting length can be reduced by 5%~10%. National Natural Science Foundation of China (50405035) Jiangsu Province Research and Development Program (XM04) -24) Received on November 20, 2004 In all laser processing applications in industrial production, the proportion of laser cutting is about 70%. It is the most important application technology in the laser processing industry.
Compared with the traditional cutting method, laser cutting has the characteristics of high speed, high precision, high adaptability, and also has small slits, small heat affected zone, good cutting surface quality, no noise during cutting, low processing cost, and cutting. The process is easy to realize the advantages of automatic control, etc. 11-3. When laser cutting steel plate, no mold is needed, which can replace some punching processing methods that require complex large molds, which can greatly shorten the production cycle and reduce the cost. Therefore, the current laser cutting factory has been widely used in automobile, rolling stock manufacturing, aviation, chemical, light industry, electrical and electronic petroleum and metallurgical industries. 141. Cutting with zero edge, mixing cutting, nesting of heterogeneous parts The same kind of part combination cutting technology performs laser cutting without scraps, which greatly improves material utilization, shortens cutting time and improves productivity.
The laser cutting path optimization algorithm and the non-edge layout technology of the sheet are the key technical problems and technical difficulties of the less waste laser cutting technology. This article will make a preliminary discussion on this issue.
Laser cutting path optimization technology Research laser cutting path optimization algorithm is one of the key technical difficulties in the implementation of less waste-free laser cutting technology, which directly affects the quality of laser cutting products and the production efficiency of laser cutting processing. On the one hand, the arrangement of the cutting route directly determines the length of the empty stroke, which affects the cutting processing time. On the other hand, due to the use of edge cutting, mixing cutting, nesting of different parts, the same type of parts, etc. Cutting technology, the edge value between individual parts is very small or 0, the cutting path directly affects the quality of the cutting process and the quality of the cutting process. Improper cutting path may even cause failure of the cutting equipment, especially for contact follow-up, which often leads to failure of the cutting head and displacement of the sheet, which makes the cutting work impossible.
Laser cutting path optimization should generally follow the following principles: laser cutting first and then the outer principle first cut the waste inside each individual workpiece, and finally cut the contour edge of the workpiece. This prevents the workpiece from being detached from the sheet and the internal waste cannot be removed after the edge is cut first. The common side between the two workpieces should be carefully considered according to the structural characteristics of the part. If necessary, the common side should be processed into the inner line of the sheet and cut in preference to the edge of the outline.
The principle of laser cutting is small and large. This principle is especially important for laser cutting of contact-type follow-up structures, and is often applied to the cutting process of internal scrap of workpieces. The starting point for its consideration is mainly reflected in two aspects. On the one hand, the small size is first cut, so that the rigidity of the part is reduced less, and the deformation of the sheet under the action of external force such as thermal deformation is small, and the protection is not damaged by the deformation of the deformed sheet material while ensuring the quality requirement. . On the other hand, the follower head is not easily caught in the hole at the small size, thereby protecting the follow-up and ensuring the processing requirements.
This principle is mainly used to solve the common edge cutting problem, the common edge between the workpieces is usually separated from the contour line, so that the two cases of processing the line and the hole (the shaped hole is more) should be considered based on the above considerations. The principle of the first hole after the hole.
When performing laser cutting with no waste, the sheet is relatively heated. Therefore, in the path optimization, the heat of the whole sheet should be made as uniform as possible to avoid deformation of the sheet and fluctuation of the workpiece size caused by local concentrated heat. Among them, it mainly involves the arrangement of the cutting sequence and the division of the cutting level.
The shortest path principle is the most basic principle of all laser sheet cutting path optimization, and is an effective way to shorten cutting time and increase productivity. For laser cutting with no waste, since the cutting process and cutting quality control problems in the case of zero laps are involved, the shortest path principle should be considered on the basis of the above principles.
Less waste-free laser cutting programming skills Due to the lack of scrap laser cutting process requirements and quality control issues, the current domestic common automatic programming software sometimes can not meet this requirement 5-71. This requires us to solve the problem from two aspects: First, on the basis of the existing software, human intervention, the introduction of less waste laser cutting manual layout and programming skills, laser cutting manual layout and semi-automatic programming; Second, on this basis, the development is suitable for less waste Laser cutting automatic layout optimization software module and automatic programming software module.
Integrated programming technology integrated programming is a comprehensive consideration of the cutting path optimization problem of all parts in the entire sheet range. First, the outer contour of the entire finished workpiece is processed into a contour line, and the common side and other internal contour lines between the workpieces are converted into internal lines, and then the common side and other internal contour lines are processed into line segments and closed. Line, visible, the inside of the closed line is scrap, and finally, the path of the processed graphics is optimized, and program generation is performed on this basis.
The integrated programming technology treats the entire board as a complex part for programming and cutting efficiency. However, the image processing workload before programming is large. In addition, for complex parts, after path optimization, the path optimization principle is sometimes referred to and the necessary path modification is performed.
After the modified programming technology optimizes the automatic route of the patterned image, according to the above-mentioned principle of less waste laser cutting route optimization, the manual path is modified, and the laser cutting program is generated according to the modified cutting route.
The route modification programming technique has a small amount of image processing in the early stage, but the path modification after the path optimization is large and cumbersome, and is generally suitable for less waste laser cutting programming of simpler workpieces.
Multi-step programming technology is suitable for complex laser cutting programming with no scraps. The basic idea is as follows: Firstly, the laser cutting pattern after layout is divided into layers, and the principle of cutting hierarchy is optimized for cutting path. Principle, then, each level of the pattern is automatically cut programming, and finally, according to the path optimization principle, the laser cutting program of each level is combined in an orderly manner to generate the final laser cutting program.
Multi-step programming technology has clear guiding principles and simple programming, but the hierarchical division of patterns is the key, and currently relies mainly on the engineering practice experience of programmers. In addition, in the final program combination, the data compatibility problem of each level pattern program (that is, the mutual dimensional relationship between layers) is the key to multi-step programming technology.
Less waste-free laser cutting programming engineering practice textile machinery reinforced ribbed parts as shown, this part is mainly used for the connection between textile machinery wallboards, the amount is large, using the 640X 480 cutting material in the cutting process of the spinning machine wallboard . In the cutting process of the part, the author carried out the engineering practice of less waste laser cutting technology of the same kind of parts combination.
The optimized layout of the sheet layout method determines the cutting time and material utilization rate. In the part cutting practice, four kinds of layout methods as shown are studied. According to the structural characteristics of the parts, a set of 4 parts is used, and the parts in the group have no lap joints. Figure a is a straight line between the groups; Figure b is a slanting line between the groups; Figure c is a straight line between the groups. Flap the edge; Figure d is the diagonal row between the groups without the edge. The corresponding material utilization rate and cutting length are shown in Table 1. It can be seen that the material utilization rate without the edge layout is increased by 10%~30% compared with the edge layout, and the process waste can be controlled within 5%, and the cutting length is reduced. 5%~10%. Obviously, Figure d is a relatively optimal sheet nesting scheme.
Divide the no-edge layout shown by d into four levels as shown, the first level is the inner straight line segment (a) the second level is the inner square hole in the group (b) the third level is the square hole between the groups and the multilateral Table 1 Optimization of the material layout method Comparison scheme Process waste material utilization structure Waste material utilization rate Average cutting length Cutting length reduction percentage a: Straight row with edge b oblique row with edge c oblique row without edge d straight The fourth level without the gusseted hole (c) is the outer peripheral contour (d).
These four levels are the cutting steps after the laser cutting path is optimized.
Less cutting edge laser cutting technology, including zero-edge cutting, mixing cutting, nesting of different parts, and the same kind of parts combination, has the advantages of high production efficiency and high material utilization rate. It is a broad engineering application prospect. Engineering application technology, no edge placement technology and cutting path optimization algorithm are key issues for less waste laser cutting technology.
For the reinforced ribbed parts of the textile machine, the path optimization and layout optimization were carried out by using the principle of laser cutting path arrangement, and the multi-step programming technique was used to prepare the laser-free cutting process with no waste. The results show that the material utilization rate can be increased by more than 30%. The cutting length can be reduced by nearly 10%, and the economic and social benefits are remarkable.
The development of automatic nesting, automatic programming and technical economic evaluation software modules based on less edgeless laser cutting technology has important practical significance and engineering background, which needs further research and development.
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