Jade Identification
When identifying jade, it's essential to evaluate the quality of the raw material. The first step is to determine whether the jade is a seed, mountain material, or a mix of both.
1. Seeds: These are considered the highest quality jade materials. They have a skin known as "leather," which forms due to long-term exposure to water, erosion, and acidic environments. This process gives them a smooth surface and thin skin, often referred to as "thin skin stuffing." There are several types of seeds, including:
- Water Seed: Also known as fine skin seed, with a smooth surface and thin skin. It’s commonly found in old pits or puddles.
- Soil Seed: Known as coarse skin seed, with thick skin and visible crystal particles. Found in new pits.
- Shapi Seed: Also called "water back to sand," featuring a sand-like texture that looks solid and compact, with thin skin. These are sometimes referred to as new-old pits.
2. Mountain Material: This type is mined from the earth and lacks a skin. It has sharp edges and corners, making it less refined compared to seed jade.
3. Half-Mountain Material: A hybrid between mountain material and seed, often showing some characteristics of both.
4. Old Pit: This refers to jade that has been naturally weathered over time. Exposed to rain, snow, and acid, it develops a fine texture and good translucency. Seed jade and part of the half-mountain material fall into this category.
5. New Pit: This type of jade is more recently formed and hasn’t had as much natural weathering. Its texture tends to be coarser, and it has a shorter "water head." New pit jade is typically mountain material or part of it.
6. New and Old Pits: This term refers to sand seed jade, which shows characteristics of both new and old pits in appearance.
Next, when evaluating crystallized jade, consider the following factors:
- Seed (Texture): The "seed" refers to the clarity and fineness of the jade’s internal structure. Old pit jade is generally preferred for its refined texture, while mountain and half-mountain materials are also valued for their natural qualities.
- Water Head: This refers to the transparency of the jade. A better water head means the jade is more translucent and visually appealing.
- Color: Color is one of the most important aspects of jade. Jadeite comes in four main categories: green, red or yellow-red, purple, and white. Pure white jade is highly valued, while single-color varieties like all-green or all-red are rare.
- Body: This refers to the overall structure and density of the jade.
- Carving: The craftsmanship and design of the jade piece can greatly affect its value.
- Appearance: Overall visual appeal and condition of the piece.
The top three elements—seed, color, and water—are the most crucial, while the others are relatively less important.
Finally, identifying genuine jade involves checking for authenticity. There are several types of fakes, including:
- Jade that has been artificially colored to mimic real jade.
- Jade that has been altered to look like higher-quality stones.
- Jade that has been treated to enhance its color or appearance.
Here are some common methods used to identify fake jade:
- Jade vs. Fai Cui: Fai Cui is a type of artificial green jade made by coloring white jade and then firing it multiple times.
- A-Goods vs. C-Goods: A-goods are natural, unaltered jade, while C-goods are jade that has been artificially colored using laser techniques.
- A-Goods vs. B-Goods: B-goods are treated with strong acids to remove impurities, resulting in a looser structure and blurred crystal boundaries. Under magnification, the crystal arrangement appears inconsistent compared to A-goods.
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