Delay the winter pruning, distinguish the wound protection, distinguish the frostbite buds and frostbite branches, and maximize the yield and tree growth. After the low temperature is trimmed, the wound should be reduced, and the wound oil should be used for wound protection in time; for the cut saw of the apple tree that has been trimmed, if it is not protected, it should be protected with shear oil. For the rot disease, apply the related drugs for the prevention and treatment of rot disease in the spring and autumn (3% thiophanate, fruit Kangbao, Jinlix, rot rick, Schnein, etc.). At the same time, after germination, it is necessary to inspect and shrink the frozen branches to prevent the outbreak and prevalence of apple rot after freezing damage.
Pay attention to weather changes, strengthen tree protection and pay close attention to weather changes. If the temperature drops below -20 °C, it may cause freezing damage to the tree. Actively guide the farmers to use waste cotton wool, cloth strips, crop straw, grass and other items. The main branch is wrapped, and the holes are tied with waste agricultural film and woven bag. Conditional sprayable membrane type plant transpiration inhibitor can effectively prevent and alleviate the wintering of apple saplings.
Clear snow in time to prevent the trunk from being frozen and remove the snow from the branches and trees, and prevent the freezing of the trunk caused by the sudden changes in temperature and the melting of snow and ice. (Sun Yanfeng)
Apple sapling antifreeze seven methods
In the cold winter, the frozen layer of soil is deep, and the apple saplings are mostly in the frozen layer due to the shallow roots. The absorption and transport of water are poor, which can not satisfy the transpiration of the branches and water, and is easy to cause freezing damage. Serious cases caused the whole plant to die. The antifreeze method for apple saplings is as follows:
The fertilization method can be applied once by using an open annular groove or a radial groove fertilization method before the fruit trees are deciduous. More fermented organic fertilizers such as sheep manure and chicken manure, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are used to increase temperature and promote roots, and to increase cell water content, which is beneficial for wintering and freezing.
Irrigation method Any orchard that is lacking in sputum, if there are irrigation conditions, it can be filled with frozen water once before the earth is frozen, in order to increase the temperature and balance the ground temperature to facilitate antifreeze.
Bent dry soil cover method Any young tree planted in the autumn of that year, you can dig a small ditch 10 to 15 cm deep in the tree, and bend the trunk into the ditch. The upper side can cover 25~30 cm. In the second half of the next year, you can help the earth. In doing so, one can prevent freezing, and the second can prevent the hare from damaging the bark. Before the winter, the main soil method can be used to smash a small mound around the trunk, up to 30~40 cm, and the ground diameter is 40~60 cm. After thawing in the spring of the next year, the mound can be opened to reveal the trunk. The benefits are the same as the curved dry cover method.
Before the tree cover method is frozen, the sapling tree can be covered with 20~25cm thick straw or 1 layer of agricultural film or 1 layer of grass ash, which can play the role of protecting and warming and achieving antifreeze. .
When the protective agent spray method is used for wintering, the tree may be sprayed with a paraffin water-retaining agent 10 times solution, or a carboxymethyl cellulose 150-200 times solution, or a mildew 200-300 times solution. You can also spray the Beijing Anti-No. 1 high-fat film 1 time to close the lenticels, reduce water transpiration, and prevent pumping.
Tied grass and wrapped plastic film can be used to tie a straw around the trunk (grass, wheat straw, corn stalks, etc.), or cut a 0.02~0.03 mm thick agricultural film into 4-6 cm wide plastic strips to entangle the trunk. . It is required to be tightly packed according to the compaction, and the sealing is tight. The film is released in the next April of the following year. (Zhu Jingzhong)
Apple should be remedy for freezing damage
1. For the apple trees whose trunks are all frozen and the roots are intact, the ground part can be sawed on the ground. From March to April of the following year, re-grafting or subcutaneous grafting was used. If the trunk of the sapling is frozen, it can be re-issued, leaving a strong sprout and re-cultivating the tree.
Second, apple trees, which are more than half of the trunks, are bridged on the frozen side. If the victim is seriously injured, it must be re-grafted.
Third, the lighter damaged apple tree, before germination, spray 100 times more effective to eliminate rot to prevent rot. After germination, scrape off the frozen bark and apply 843 healing agent or rot star liquid. In the apple tree growth period, the agent for treating rot disease, such as 9281, tebuconazole, etc., disinfects the branches once every two weeks. Spray 7 days and 10 days after the leaf is sprayed with a small amount of urea and spray 4 to 5 times. In the trimming, in addition to cutting off the frozen branches, the wound should be minimized. With the principle of light shearing, a part of the branches should be slowly released, and the branches should be retracted to extract the branches.
Fourth, the apple buds are affected, the top buds and the side buds are all frozen. It is necessary to increase the amount of fertilizer application, timely water supply, promote germination of buds and accessory buds, and re-cultivate the branches. (single country)
Strengthening antifreeze kiwi for good wintering
On November 18th, “On-site meeting of the 2016 Kiwifruit Frost Damage Prevention Work in Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province†was held in Yujia Village, Jiufeng Town, Zhouzhi County. At this meeting, Zhang Xinxin, director of the Xi'an Forestry Technology Promotion Center and a senior agronomist, gave a comprehensive and detailed explanation on the winter kiwi antifreeze technology from eight aspects.
Familiar with different varieties and varieties of kiwifruit, the anti-freezing ability of the difference is large. Among the main fresh kiwifruits in Xi'an, the Chinese kiwifruit is generally less resistant to freezing than the delicious kiwifruit. In the Chinese kiwifruit, "Golden Fruit", "Western Selection No. 2" and "Hongyang" have poor anti-freezing ability, especially the "golden fruit" kiwifruit autumn shoot has not stopped in October, this part can not be normal and mature autumn shoot winter easy Frozen. "Xuxiang" in delicious kiwifruit is less resistant to freezing. Therefore, in areas susceptible to freezing, try to choose the antifreeze variety in delicious kiwifruit.
Mastering the terrain From the kiwifruit growing area, the parks closer to the towns are affected by the urban microclimate, which is generally less harmful. Cold air transit in the northwest, no shelter forest, no village shelter area or northwest wind is affected by the cyclone wind gathering area of ​​Qinling Mountain. Freezing damage is easy to occur, and low-lying ground freezing damage is heavier.
Obtaining the prediction of the freezing damage of kiwifruit trees occurs mostly after the winter or spring sap flow, and the snow damage is also likely to occur after snowfall. Therefore, it is necessary to grasp the weather forecast in time and make an emergency plan.
After the Qingyuan painted white trees and fallen leaves, it is necessary to start the work of clearing the garden. The whitening agent should be moderately wet and dry, and it is better to hang the tree evenly when painting. It is best to apply the whole main vine, remember to apply it to the yin and yang face, so as not to achieve the antifreeze effect.
Properly pruning the kiwifruit tree has a great influence on the frost resistance of the vines. When pruning, pay attention to the following types of frozen vines: the pests affect the early deciduous branches; the malnourished yellow stalks are severe; the autumn rain plus Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, new shoots in the late stage; weeds with overgrown weeds, soil compaction, and ulcer disease; no pruning in summer, insufficient illumination, winding branches at the front end; excessive load, excessive use of swelling agent; delay Harvest, do not restore the tree branches in time.
Trunk protection Kiwi trees are mostly frozen when the main vine is about 80 cm away from the ground, so the protection of the main vine is particularly important. The materials for wrapping the main vines are: straw, corn stalks, used cotton wadding, used newspapers, etc., and should be adapted to local conditions when selecting. The time to remove the main vine protection can be done after germination.
The rhizome part of the kiwifruit tree is easy to lose water when it is dry in winter, and it is easy to be frozen when it is strong at low temperature. The tree plate can achieve the effect of protecting and drying. The height of the soil is generally higher than the height of the tree tray by more than 20 cm. If there is straw, the straw can be covered with straw to ensure the temperature around the tree tray.
Other protection 1 is equipped with a set of electronic control fog machine of 10 mu, no need to guard in the field, no need to manually detect the temperature, set the temperature to automatically smoke, realize intelligent control, and automatically retrieve the orchard ambient temperature. 2 It is predicted that the strong low temperature weather is coming soon, and the kiwifruit orchard can be sprayed with stone sulphur mixture or antifreeze. 3 After the occurrence of freezing damage, prepare antifreeze for spraying in the germination stage for repair and protection.
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