Tool steel is the general term for all steel used to make various tools. There are many kinds of tool steels, the working conditions are very different, the performance requirements are different, the same kind of steel is made of different tools, and the outstanding performance requirements are also different.
Mechanical properties of tool steel
(1) Intensity
Strength refers to the ability of tools, molds, gages, and clamps to resist external forces without damage. Due to the different forms and states of force, the requirements for tensile strength, flexural strength, compressive strength, etc. are different.
(2) Fatigue strength
Fatigue strength refers to the ability of a tool to not fail under the action of a reciprocating alternating load for a long time. Fatigue strength is an important indicator for the life assessment of molds and fixtures.
(3) Hardness
Hardness is the ability of a tool to resist the pressing of an object that is harder than it is pressed into its interior. Under the premise of ensuring toughness, the hardness of the tool should be increased as much as possible. However, for tools such as tools and molds, the higher the hardness, the better. Tools that serve under certain conditions should theoretically have an optimum hardness. Many people have such a personal experience, the hardness is too high or too low, the life of the tool or mold is not high, only in a small hardness range, the tool will have a high life.
(4) Plasticity
Plasticity refers to the ability of a tool to accidentally undergo local permanent deformation without breaking during use. From the perspective of engineering application, in order to ensure the precision of the parts to be processed in mass production, in addition to the high dimensional accuracy of a tool or mold, excessive plastic deformation is not allowed during use. The plasticity of the tool is of great significance to the safety of its use. In the case of better plasticity, the occasional overload during use can also avoid sudden breakage, which ensures the safety of use to a certain extent.
(5) Resilience
Toughness is a more important indicator for tool steels, especially those that operate under high impact loads. Toughness can be measured by impact toughness and fracture toughness. Impact toughness is the ability of a raw material or tool to resist brittle fracture under impact loads. Fracture toughness is a measure of the actual load carrying capacity of a material with a certain defect, that is, the fracture toughness of the sample indicates its own resistance to crack propagation.
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