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Synthesis of graphene mesoporous sponge (GMS)
Comparison of original carbon materials with GMS
A group consisting of Tohoku University in Japan and University of Alicante of Spain announced on July 13, 2016 that it has developed a mesoporous body consisting mainly of monolayer graphene with a pore wall "graphene mesoporous sponge (GMS) ". This is a spongy material with fine pores (fine pores) of about 5.8 nm. It not only has a high specific surface area like activated carbon, but also has the same electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance as graphite. In addition, it is also possible to achieve large elastic deformation, and it is expected to contribute to the construction of energy conversion components based on the new principle.
Since graphene is a two-dimensional sheet material, it is limited to two-dimensional applications such as thin films and electronic components. In recent years, researchers have begun to make graphene into a porous body with a three-dimensional skeleton, and thus applied it to various fields related to energy such as adsorption, catalysts, and batteries, and related research has become increasingly active. As the carbon-based porous body, activated carbon having micropores (fine pores) having a diameter of several nm or less is widely used. On the other hand, when the graphene is made into the same porous body, since a small chip-like structure is formed, there is a problem that the conductivity is lowered, and since the graphene has a large number of ends (edges), it is easily corroded.
The study found that by using aluminum oxide nanoparticles as a mold for the synthesis of crystalline carbon porous bodies (CMS) and performing heat treatment at a temperature of 1800°C, they can be converted to high-quality monolayer graphene. The main component of the carbon porous body. Due to the formation of a foam structure with tiny pores called "mesopores", there is almost no graphene tip that causes corrosion, thereby realizing a surface area as high as that of activated carbon (1000 to 2600 m2/g). (1940m2/g), at the same time, it also possesses conductivity and corrosion resistance exceeding carbon black.
When GMS is used as an electrode material of an electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC), since there is no graphene end and it is not easily deteriorated, it is possible to directly increase the working voltage to about 4 V in the case of a large electrostatic capacitance, and it can be realized as it is. About 2 times the energy density. Since the original activated carbon is easily degraded, the operating voltage cannot be raised to about 2.8 V or more. In addition, by using GMS as a carrier of a platinum catalyst for a solid polymer type fuel cell, it is expected that a longer lifetime can be achieved than when carbon black is originally used as a material. In addition, GMS is expected to be used in various applications such as conductive assistants such as lithium ion batteries and other various rechargeable battery materials.
In addition, GMS, like graphene, possesses both softness and strong tensile strength, so it can be flexibly elastically deformed like a sponge. By applying stress, GMS can achieve reversible pore sizes from about 5.8 nm to less than 0.7 nm. Sex deformation. In recent years, in the field of organic porous materials, the elastic deformation of nanopores has attracted much attention. However, no matter inorganic or organic, there has not been any material that can achieve such large elastic deformation. GMS can use external force to regulate the amount of substances placed inside the nano-scale pores, so it is expected to contribute to the construction of energy conversion devices based on the new principle.
The results of this research were published on the online version of Advanced Functional Materials, a German international scientific journal, on July 14, 2016 (German time). (Special Contributor: Kudosuke)
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