How to use four steps to get site selection for a ground-based photovoltaic power plant.
The first step: to prepare for the site
1. Make simple communication with the land transferor. Understand the location of the project site, etc.: the purpose before the land, the request of the transferor and the land price, the location of the project site (longitude and latitude), whether the surrounding infrastructure is complete, whether the traffic is convenient, the site area, and the nature of the land; It is possible to determine whether there are accessible boost substations, distances, and voltage levels near the site, preferably in the photovoltaic industry base, where the construction scale has been established, or where photovoltaic planning has taken place.
2. Understand the local scale of the relevant photovoltaic policy countries to the province, whether the province has a separate subsidy policy for the photovoltaic project, whether the project is likely to get the filing scale indicator, whether the project location has a completed project, how the benefits, Whether the power is limited, whether the project site is under construction and the degree of progress.
3. General situation of site selection for macro site selection (If the owner can provide the latitude and longitude of the project site, use Google Earth, look at the surrounding landforms, be aware of the situation of the site), and the resource profile (can be from NASA or Meteonorm Such as access to local solar energy resources in each month's total radiation, calculate the starting power), earnings profile (review the local solar energy resources, and estimate the project's return based on the approximate level of investment).
4, ready for hardware and software to prepare handheld GPS, equipped with Google Earth, Gaussian coordinate conversion software and CAD notebook.
The second step: site survey work
1. Basic geological conditions. The basic requirements for large-scale terrestrial power stations on the land are smooth and contiguous, the terrain is oriented (south and south), and there is a certain thickness of the soil (although accurate geological conditions are required for geological surveys, but it can be visually checked, preferably with a certain thickness. The soil layer can also be seen from some faults or excavated sections to see how thick the soil is and what is underneath the soil.If it is visually measured at half a meter, it is a hard rock, and the basic workload in the future will be It will be very large. Some situations can be seen by the naked eye. For example, if the topography is exposed rock, it cannot be used, otherwise the leveling workload will be too great!) There will be no major natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, and windstorms in the vicinity of the proposed site.
2, the slope is greater than 25 ° generally do not consider. The slope within the site is too large, the follow-up construction will be very difficult, construction machinery is difficult to go up the mountain, the civil construction work is also difficult, the project cost will be greatly improved. In addition, the difficulty of future maintenance (cleaning, overhauling) will be greatly increased. At the same time, large-scale earthwork development (cable ditch) is being carried out on such a sloped mountain, and the approval of water and soil conservation may not go through.
3, site range, field geological conditions. Use GPS to play several points around several boundary points in the field to basically delineate the site. At the same time, we must look at the geological conditions in the site from various angles. There are no large-scale smelting, chemical, thermal power, petrochemical, etc. polluting enterprises producing large amounts of dust, smoke, etc. at the upwind outlet near the proposed site. Because the area of ​​the photovoltaic site is too large, you can't see the whole picture from a boundary point. It is very likely that many important factors will be overlooked. These important factors include: 1) alluvial trenches, 2) whether there have been natural disasters such as floods, 3) rock walls, 4) relics of cultural relics, 5) overburdened minerals, 6) military facilities, and 7) sensitive materials. The graves can often be seen in alternative photovoltaic sites. If the circle comes in, it may be very troublesome and may even cause delays. In addition, whether it involves personal renting of land of nature, whether it needs compensation; there are land for farmers to open up their own land, one or two fast-declining small houses, sheep pens and cattle rings... This land is useless and there is no control. Once it is used, Someone will come to compensate.
4, determine the access to the substation. The substation capacity, reserve interval, distance, voltage level, and whether or not the capacity of the substation to be used in the access site can be used for access to the system. What are the main parts of the power station planned for the grid company (determine whether it is for photovoltaic, hydropower, thermal power or other For applications, the enterprises that normally have the access conditions will be included in the local overall transmission plan submitted by the local government to the provincial power company. If it is not included in the plan, the access will not be possible.) After implementation to the local government, the company needs to go to the grid company. Learn and confirm.
After estimating the size based on the area of ​​the site, it is necessary to send a large voltage level. To investigate, it is advisable to obtain the electrical map of the substation at the voltage level and capacity of the booster substation closest to the project site, and determine whether there is any remaining capacity to receive our project. If you have access, look at how far away you are, 10 megawatts (within 6 kilometers), 20 megawatts (within 5-10 kilometers) and 30-50 megawatts (within 16 kilometers) 50-100 MW (20-30 km is appropriate), the cost of transmission lines is also very high, if the project is not large, sent far, then the economic benefits may not be so ideal. In addition, local electricity consumption, power consumption capacity, and industrial development, several substations with 110KV and above are required to be mastered. (If there is no local electricity consumption capacity, it depends entirely on the delivery output. Once the limit is issued, the proportion will be high. ).
5, the mountain's mountain trend. If it is a mountain, is the mountain north-south or east-west? The mountain should be east-west and must have a south-facing slope.
The third step: follow-up work
1. Determine the site area. The site will be hit by a point on Google Earth. Take a look at the satellite photos in and around the site. Measure the area and estimate the capacity you can do. A typical 50 to 100 MWp is a good size, which requires about 30-35 acres per megawatt.
2, determine the access to the substation. The substation capacity, reserve interval, nature of power load, distance, voltage level, and whether or not the capacity can be used for the access system in the vicinity of the intended site for selection. What are the main parts of the power station planned for the grid company (determined for use in photovoltaics, For hydropower, thermal power or other purposes, enterprises with access conditions are usually included in the overall local power transmission plan submitted by the local government to the provincial power company. If access is not included in the plan, access is not possible. Also need to go to the grid company to understand and confirm. After estimating the size based on the area of ​​the site, it is necessary to send a large voltage level. To investigate, it is advisable to obtain the electrical map of the substation at the voltage level and capacity of the booster substation closest to the project site, and determine whether there is any remaining capacity to receive our project. If you have access, look at how far away you are, 10 megawatts (within 6 kilometers), 20 megawatts (within 5-10 kilometers) and 30-50 megawatts (within 16 kilometers) 50-100 MW (20-30 km is appropriate), the cost of transmission lines is also very high, if the project is not large, sent far, then the economic benefits may not be so ideal.
3, determine the site to class. Visit the local land and forestry departments to avoid the unavailability of the site. (After all the above work is done, we must go to the Land and Resources Bureau to check the site types on the second map. Now, the two maps are generally 80. The coordinate system has coordinates at the third degree, so the latitude and longitude coordinates of the GPS should be converted to the coordinates of the 80 degrees and three degrees, and brought to the National Land Bureau and the Forestry Bureau for inspection. It is very necessary to check the land and forestry. All is good, that is, land types cannot be used. If blind follow-up work is carried out, it will cause a lot of waste.
In addition, many times, looking at wasteland, there are farm fields in the map of the land. Looking at no trees, it is actually a public welfare forest in the map of the land. In addition to land types, if possible, it is best to consult the local government about the planning around the site. ) The state-owned wasteland is optimized for free allocation, followed by the land for the project consisting of leases and pasture compensation, as much as possible to avoid peasant farmland, farmer collective land and forest land, and must avoid industrial land, green land, and other planned land use. When selecting a site, it is necessary to confirm the above-mentioned land property confirmation information with the Land and Resources Bureau, the Planning Bureau, and the Forestry Bureau.
Step 4: Matters needing attention
1. The site area is too small. This is the most important factor for the site being denied. Because the photovoltaic project occupies a relatively large area, a 50MW project will require approximately 1.5 square kilometers of usable land, equivalent to more than 200 stadium areas. To determine the site area, you need to play around the coordinates in the surrounding area and go back to the specific accounting. The lack of site area is one of the most easily posed issues.
2, the terrain is not right. There is a saying called "Only in this mountain." When you are at the foot of the mountain, although you can get a clear walk toward the mountain, you cannot see the whole picture of the mountain, you can only see a small part. Therefore, many times, we think that this hillside is facing south, but with a bird's-eye view of Google Earth, we find that most of them are in the southeast and southwest direction, and even the basic east or west. In addition, you can also see the landform of the site. (Feeling that "Google Earth" has the feeling of being in a small hill, it is also very useful for the macro site selection!) In addition, the owner sometimes does not look at the entire range and does not find mountains outside the mountain. If there are mountains outside the mountains, it is very easy to cause blockage of the mountains.
3, inappropriate hilly land. Many of the owners of photovoltaic projects have turned from wind power before. In some hilly areas, they feel very flat (it's really slow compared with the wind farm site). However, many venues look relatively flat, but when they arrive at the site, they are all small hills, and there are even big gaps between some of the hills! It has been calculated that if there is a 5° northward inclination, the array spacing will increase by more than 50%. Therefore, the photovoltaic project can only use the hill slopes to the south, and the slopes with less slopes, eastwards or westwards, can be used at most. If all are small hills, then the array should be scattered and scattered, and all investments should increase. Therefore, the site of the photovoltaic power station is preferably a rolling mountain.
4, the accuracy of information. During the siting stage, it is necessary to understand that the key basic issues (including the residents near the proposed site and social governance, etc.) need to be fully communicated and implemented with each functional department, so as to provide a reliable basis and guarantee for the feasibility of the project.
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