With the advancement of direct drive technology, the comparison between linear motors and traditional "rotary servo motor ball screw" drive systems has become a focal point in the manufacturing industry. Several leading manufacturers of high-end machining centers are now integrating this innovative technology into their high-speed machine tools to enhance performance and precision.
In terms of accuracy, linear motors offer significant advantages. Due to the absence of mechanical transmission components, they minimize interpolation hysteresis, resulting in superior positioning, repeatability, and absolute accuracy. With position detection feedback control, linear motors can achieve a precision of up to 0.1μm, far surpassing the 2–5μm range of the traditional system. The latter requires a complex closed-loop system that includes CNC, servo motor, gapless coupling, thrust bearing, cooling system, high-precision rolling guide, nut seat, and table. Achieving high stability with the traditional setup often requires two-axis synchronization, while linear motors, though more expensive and requiring advanced cooling solutions, provide better long-term accuracy and reliability.
When it comes to speed, linear motors truly shine. They can reach speeds of up to 300 m/min with an acceleration of 10g, compared to the ball screw’s maximum of 120 m/min and 1.5g. As the heat issue is resolved, linear motor speeds are expected to increase even further, while the ball screw system faces inherent limitations in achieving higher speeds due to its mechanical structure.
Regarding longevity, linear motors have no physical contact between moving and fixed parts, eliminating wear caused by high-speed reciprocating motion. This ensures consistent positioning accuracy over time, making them ideal for high-precision applications. In contrast, ball screws suffer from wear due to friction during high-speed operation, which gradually degrades their accuracy and limits their suitability for demanding precision tasks.
As the industry continues to evolve, the adoption of linear motor technology is becoming increasingly widespread, especially in high-speed and high-precision machining environments. While the initial cost and thermal management challenges remain, the long-term benefits in performance and reliability make it a compelling choice for future machine tool designs.
Tag: Linear motor, High speed machine
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