“The challenge is like covering a standard football field with a thin layer of plastic wrap, and ensuring it remains completely flat and intact requires highly scientific and precise process control,†explained Shi Haofei, deputy director of the Micro-Nano Fabrication and System Integration Research Center at the Chongqing Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He was discussing the difficulties involved in preparing high-quality, uniform single-layer graphene and successfully transferring it to flexible PET substrates and other flat surfaces.
According to recent reports from the institute, researchers have independently developed a method that enables the growth of 15-inch, high-quality, and uniform single-layer graphene on copper foil under low-temperature conditions. They successfully transferred it onto flexible PET substrates and other flat surfaces, achieving the largest size yet recorded in China. Furthermore, they applied this graphene as a transparent electrode in a resistive touch screen, creating a 7-inch flexible touch screen with high transmittance, no color cast, low cost, and excellent flexibility.
In recent years, graphene has gained widespread recognition as a promising material for flexible transparent electrodes, thanks to its exceptional mechanical, thermal, optical, and electrical properties. However, for practical applications in transparent electrodes, the key challenges remain the large-scale preparation of high-quality graphene and the efficient transfer of the material to different substrates.
Currently, common methods for producing graphene include micro-mechanical exfoliation, SiC sublimation epitaxial growth, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), among others. Among these, CVD is considered the most promising technique. It involves first growing graphene on a metal surface and then transferring it to another substrate. However, this process typically requires temperatures above 1000°C, making it unsuitable for large-scale industrial production and less environmentally friendly.
Shi Haofei introduced the research on “key technology of graphene transparent electrode†conducted by the institute. They expanded upon traditional CVD methods by using cost-effective and readily available industrial materials, such as plastics (PMMA and polystyrene) and liquid benzene, as carbon sources. This allowed them to grow high-quality graphene at a significantly lower temperature of 300°C, achieving controlled layer growth. Compared to current ITO-based transparent conductive films, the graphene transparent electrode developed by the institute offers higher light transmittance—up to 97.1%—with fewer defects, smoother surfaces, lower power consumption, and more stable performance. It is also thinner, lighter, and far cheaper than ITO, with great potential to revolutionize fields such as touch screens, flexible displays, and solar cells.
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