Biological pesticides have become a trend and direction of global pesticide development due to their small side effects and good environmental compatibility. The following is a brief introduction to the application of biological pesticides in Chinese herbal medicines:
First, the type of application:
1. Biological insecticides
(1) Diflubenzuron is an insect growth regulator and is a specific insecticide. After the pests come into contact with or take food, the synthesis of chitin in the epidermis is inhibited, and the larvae cannot die properly and die. Mainly manifested as stomach toxicity, also has a certain contact effect, no systemic, special effects on Lepidoptera and Diptera larvae, low toxicity, safe for humans, animals and natural enemies. The dosage form is 25%, 50% suspension. When applied, it is diluted to 1500-2000 times to prevent the moth, the caterpillar, the gypsy moth and so on.
(2) Bt emulsion, Bacillus thuringiensis, is an insecticidal bacterium. It is mainly a stomach poisoning effect, non-toxic to humans, animals and natural enemies, does not pollute the environment, and has no phytotoxicity to medicinal plants. The worm died of sepsis after swallowing. The dosage form is a wettable powder (containing 10 billion g/g of live spores), and 500 to 1000 times of liquid can be used. It can control a variety of pests such as the moth, the locust, the bean hawk moth, the bridge worm, the cabbage caterpillar, the diamondback moth, the cotton bollworm, the ground tiger, the cockroach and the like on the medicinal plant.
(3) Nicotine is an insecticide isolated from tobacco. The solution or vapor can penetrate into the body of the pest, causing its nerve to rapidly poison and die. It is mainly characterized by contact and killing, and also has certain fumigation and stomach toxicity. It is safe for plants, has a short residual effect, and has certain toxicity to humans and animals. The dosage form is mainly 40% nicotine sulfate aqueous solution, which is diluted to 800-1000 times liquid during application, and controls medicinal plants such as aphids, spider mites, leafhoppers, leaf curlers, and heartworms.
(4) Others are biological insecticides such as Liuyangmycin, Huaguangmycin, chlorpyrifos, acaricidin, acaricidal, microsporidia, pyrethroid, chuanxiong, and matrine.
(5) Avermectin, also known as Qiqisu, Aifuding, Nonghaha, and Insect, is a broad-spectrum and highly effective macrolide insecticide with insecticidal, acaricidal and nematicidal activity. Antibiotics, both contact and stomach toxicity, no systemic. Using avermectin containing 0.5g of active ingredient per acre (667 square meters) can kill pests and is safe for people and animals. The commonly used dosage form is 1.8%, 1.0% emulsifiable concentrate, which is used for controlling rust, cockroach, leaf miner, aphid, etc. of medicinal plants such as cockroaches and bergamot, and is diluted to 2000-5000 times liquid when used.
(6) Insect virus preparations have a highly specific parasitic range, which is not easy to cause ecological balance damage; can form inclusion bodies, especially nuclear polyhedrosis virus and granulosis virus, with good stability; highly toxic to target insects, It can cause regional insect epidemics; there is no phytotoxicity to plants, and safety tests prove to be harmless to humans, poultry and aquatic organisms. At present, the insecticidal preparations used in the production include: cabbage genus nuclear polyhedrosis virus, cotton bollworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus, beet armyworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus, cabbage cabbage granule virus and the like. These insect virus preparations can be used for controlling pests occurring on medicinal plants, and have good input-output ratio and ecological and environmental benefits.
(7) Imidacloprid is also known as net, clean and more rehabilitated. It has the characteristics of high efficiency, broad spectrum, low toxicity and low residue, and the pests are not easy to produce resistance, and are safe for humans, animals, plants and natural enemies. After the pests contact the agent, the central nervous system is blocked and paralyzed and died. It is a contact, stomach poison, and systemic insecticide. The dosage form has 2.5%, 10% wettable powder and 5% emulsifiable concentrate, and is diluted into 2000-6000 times liquid for controlling pests such as aphids, hibiscus and leaf roller moth on medicinal plants.
(8) Beauveria bassiana is an insecticidal fungus. After the active spores are contacted with the pests, the germ tubes are produced, and the hyphae invade the body through the epidermis and continue to proliferate, thereby causing the metabolic disorder of the pests to die, and the water in the pests is sucked dry and becomes stiff. There are powders containing live spores of 10 billion / g and 100 billion / g, which can be used to control pests such as hazelnut moth, leaf roller moth, leafhopper, and alfalfa.
2, biological fungicide
(1) Agricultural streptomycin has a good effect on bacterial diseases, and has a wide spectrum of sterilization and systemic absorption. The dosage form is 10% wettable powder, diluted into 500-2000 times liquid spray, and the bacteria for controlling medicinal plants
(2) Wuyincin BO-10 is a broad-spectrum, high-efficiency, low-toxic fungicide with strong systemic activity, strong inhibitory activity against fungi, inhibition of Gram-positive bacteria and negative bacteria, and medicinal plants. Powdery mildew, gray spot, stem blight and Pseudomonas have good control effects and are safe for humans, animals and natural enemies.
(3) Agricultural anti-120 is low-toxic to humans and animals, has no residue, does not pollute the environment, is safe for plants and natural enemies, and has the effect of stimulating plant growth. The dosage form has 2% and 4% water agents, and the 200-fold liquid spray can control the blight of the medicinal plants, powdery mildew, anthracnose, blight and the like.
(4) Polymycin is also called polyoxomycin. It is effective against a variety of fungal diseases. It has a wide spectrum of sterilization, low toxicity, no residue, no environmental pollution, and is safe for humans, animals, natural enemies and plants. The dosage form has 1.5% and 10% wettable powder, and the spray of 500-1000 times liquid can prevent the spot disease, the round disease, the gray mold disease, the downy mildew disease, the brown spot disease and the like of the medicinal plants.
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