Smart substations are advanced, reliable, integrated and environmentally-friendly smart devices. They are based on digital information of all stations, networking of communication platforms, and standardization of information sharing. They have the basic requirements of automating information collection, measurement, control, protection, measurement, and detection. Functions, and substations that support advanced functions such as real-time grid automation, smart regulation, online analysis and decision making, and cooperative interaction. Smart substations mainly include smart high-voltage equipment and substations unified information platform.
More "smart" than traditional substations
The strong smart grid is a powerful platform for energy conversion, efficient configuration, and interactive services. It is a modern grid tightly integrated with strong grid and intelligent control. The strong smart grid is based on a strong backbone network and is characterized by information, automation, and interaction.
In order to transfer the electric energy from the power plant to millions of households, it is necessary to increase the voltage and turn it into high-voltage electricity. When the electricity reaches the electricity customer, the voltage is reduced as needed for use by the customer. This kind of lifting voltage Work needs to be completed by substations. With the gradual improvement of the level of intelligence in all aspects of “transmitting, transporting, changing, matching, and usingâ€, the construction of substations is gradually moving toward intelligence and integration.
Smart substation intelligence is mainly reflected in two aspects, namely smart devices and smart advanced applications.
The so-called smart device refers to the organic combination of a device and an intelligent component. The smart component is a collective name for secondary devices, including a measurement and control device, a protection device, a measurement and control protection device, a status monitoring device, a smart terminal, etc., and may also be several devices. The combination of devices, such as GIS control cabinets, screen cabinets and so on. These smart components are like the “housekeeper†of a primary device, helping one device to perform transmission and distribution of electrical energy while having functions such as measurement, control, protection, and metering.
The second feature of smart substations is advanced applications. The data collected by the smart substation is panoramic, and the amount of information is very large. However, these data are transmitted to the power grid dispatching organization without analysis. Instead, the data is preliminary through the information integration platform in the station and the advanced application module of the substation automation system. Excavation, analysis, realization of sequence control, intelligent alarms, visualization of equipment status, and comprehensive analysis and decision-making of accidents.
Safer and more reliable, more economical and clean
With the continuous upgrading of technology, the advantages of smart substations become more prominent. According to Lunong, deputy director of the CETC Power Technology and Economics Center, the advantages of smart substations are mainly reflected in several major aspects.
First, the advanced technology of the smart substation ensures the efficiency and accuracy of data transmission, improves the reliability of power supply, and ensures that the power grid operates more safely and stably.
The intelligent transformer and control system in the intelligent high-voltage equipment are connected by a communication optical fiber and can timely grasp the transformer status parameters and operation data. In the case of changes in the operating data, the device will automatically adjust according to the system's voltage, power and other conditions. When a problem occurs in the equipment, the equipment will also issue an early warning and provide status parameters, which will reduce the cost of operation and management to a certain extent, reduce hidden dangers, and improve the reliability of substation power supply.
The high-performance switchgear in smart high-voltage equipment is equipped with electronic equipment, sensors and actuators with detection and diagnostic functions. High-voltage equipment also includes electronic transformers, which can effectively overcome the shortcomings of traditional electromagnetic transformer insulation difficulties, dynamic range, the need to lay cables to secondary equipment, easy to produce ferromagnetic resonance, and high pressure crisis, personal and equipment safety and other shortcomings .
With the further application, modularization and standardization of intelligent technologies, the information acquisition, transmission and processing technologies of smart substations are more standardized, effectively supporting the "integration of control and operation and maintenance." Through the integration of video linkage, state analysis and other detection means to ensure the accuracy of the sequence control operation. At the same time, far-reaching functions such as modifying and verifying protection settings have laid the foundation for unattended operations.
Second, compared to traditional substations, smart substations have effectively realized land and resources savings. Due to the effective conservation of resources, the clean-up benefits of smart substations are also very obvious.
Through the technological innovation, equipment integration and design optimization, the smart substation has greatly reduced the floor space and construction area, and reduced the number of secondary screen cabinets. Experts also introduced that smart substations can effectively improve the utilization of grid infrastructure resources and reliability of power supply to achieve the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Finally, the tenant farmer said that the "Standardization Design, Modularization Construction" smart substation pilot project conducted by the State Grid Corporation of China's Infrastructure Department in 2013 has further innovations in substation technology models, design equipment, and construction models.
Compared with ordinary substations, modularized smart substations have comprehensively applied universal design and general-purpose equipment. In the civil engineering process, all prefabricated building construction models and prefabricated optical (electric) cables are used to implement the secondary equipment “plug and play.†Modular smart substations also reduce on-site labor input through factory-scale production, integrated commissioning, and then transported to the site, as well as prefabrication technologies such as control rooms, firewalls, fences, and equipment foundations.
A new generation of smart substations is coming
In recent years, the construction of the Smart Substation of the State Grid Corporation has continued to increase. In December 2012, the State Grid Corporation of China launched a pilot project for a new generation of smart substation demonstration projects, including the Hechuan 220 kV Dashi Substation in Chongqing, the 110 kV East Expansion Substation in Wuhan Future Technology City, the Tianjin 110 kV High-tech Park Substation, and Beijing 220 kV Future City Substation, 110 kV seafall substation, Shanghai 110 kV Yetang Substation.
The main feature of the new-generation smart substation is "integrated intelligent equipment and integrated business system", and the transition from professional design to overall integrated design is realized. The transformation from primary equipment intelligence to intelligent primary equipment is an integrated application of advanced and applicable technologies.
State Grid Corporation of China proposed at the mid-2013 working meeting that it is necessary to vigorously promote "standardized design and modularization construction" to comprehensively improve the capacity of power grid construction. Since then, the State Grid Corporation of China has organized special technical studies to promote pilot construction.
The first batch of five pilot projects for the construction of quasi-distribution smart substations have been put into operation and are operating well, including the 110 kV Sungang substation in Lu'an, Anhui, the 110 kV Hengcang substation in Zhangzhou, Fujian, the 110 kV Lingkou substation in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, and 110 in Shanghai. Thousand Volt Garden Substation, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 220kv Paonan Substation.
At present, the State Grid Corporation of China has comprehensively considered the diversity of equipment selection, layout, and forms of construction. It has built and put into operation more than 500 110 (66) to 750 kV smart substations. In the substation information integration monitoring system, intelligent high-voltage equipment, IEC 61850 (the only international standard for substation automation systems based on general-purpose network communication platform) and network communication technology, integrated power system, source maintenance and other technical fields achieved a major breakthrough in the realization of The "substation information data, network communication platform, information sharing standardization, advanced application interaction."
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