Provincial Earthquake Disaster Emergency Rescue Team Equipment Capacity Building Guidance

Guidelines for Building the Capacity of Provincial Earthquake Disaster Emergency Rescue Teams

First, the guiding ideology

In line with the provisions and requirements of the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Incident Responses" and the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Earthquake Prevention and Mitigation," we refer to the "Guidelines and Methods for International Urban Search and Rescue." By combining the experience of national earthquake emergency disaster rescue team equipment capacity building, we aim to further standardize the equipment configuration of provincial-level earthquake disaster rescue teams. This will improve their ability to handle and respond to earthquakes and emergencies, promoting the standardization and optimization of earthquake disaster rescue equipment.

Second, the tasks of the rescue team

The main task of the provincial rescue team is to assist people buried by earthquakes, collapses, mudslides, and other natural disasters or emergencies caused by the collapse of buildings. They must have the basic capability to deal with building collapses in reinforced concrete frame structures in urban areas.

The provincial rescue team is responsible for rescue work within the province's large and medium-sized cities, villages, and neighboring provinces. It should be an earthquake emergency rescue team that combines multi-purpose capabilities, military-civilian cooperation, and peace-war readiness. The team should be fast, mobile, technologically advanced, well-trained, and capable of handling high-stakes situations. When earthquakes occur, they should be able to safeguard public safety, manage emergencies, and reduce the impact of natural disasters, accidents, health crises, and social security incidents.

Third, the rescue team's equipment capabilities

The equipment construction of the rescue team should consider seven aspects: its acquisition, transmission, and decision-making capabilities, mobility, investigation, search, rescue, medical care, and logistics support.

(I) Disaster access, transmission, and decision-making capabilities

After a natural disaster such as an earthquake occurs in the province, the provincial rescue team should be equipped with a disaster information protection group to quickly obtain disaster information within 30 minutes of the earthquake. Based on this data, the team can make rapid preliminary assessments, providing a basis for deploying personnel, equipment, medical care, and logistics support. Upon arriving at the site, they should have fast access to disaster areas, real-time data collection, and the ability to identify targets like building ruins and structural damage, allowing them to understand the overall situation and allocate resources effectively.

(II) Mobility capabilities

When earthquakes or other disasters occur in the province, the rescue team must be ready to perform emergency missions at any time. Therefore, they need to have rapid mobility. First, the team must assemble within 2 hours and complete all preparations before heading to the disaster site. In case of a severe earthquake in neighboring provinces, the team must also be capable of responding. Second, transportation capacity: Within 500 kilometers from the disaster area, the team should have land transport capabilities to quickly move personnel, equipment, and supplies under complex road conditions. For areas more than 500 kilometers away, an air transportation mechanism should be established.

(III) Detection capabilities

Rescue teams should have the ability to detect electrical leakage, oxygen levels, toxic gases, flammable gases, and other hazards inside buildings, ruins, and small spaces. They should also conduct tests on soil, solid materials, water quality, and radioactive substances at the disaster site.

(IV) Search capabilities

Rescue teams should use humans, dogs, and instruments to conduct large-scale multi-point searches for signs of life at the earthquake site.

The search instrument must be able to operate without interference, accurately locate through obstacles.

Dogs should undergo specialized training for building and structure rescues and pass testing to become qualified rescue dogs.

(V) Rescue capability

After the rescue team (about 60 people) arrives at the earthquake disaster site, they should be able to carry out multiple rescue missions at two sites. The team should rotate every 6 to 12 hours to ensure continuous 24-hour rescue operations.

Common rescue methods include demolition, roof bracing, support, and rope operations.

1. Demolition

The rescue team’s equipment must have certain penetration capabilities, allowing safe entry into confined spaces. It should be able to penetrate obstructions from above, below, and the side to reach narrow spaces.

Specific requirements are as follows:

(1) Penetrate concrete elements with thickness ≥150mm in confined spaces upwards, downwards, and horizontally, such as breaking and opening channels in floors, walls, or roofs.

(2) Cut reinforced concrete building components and prestressed columns. Reinforced concrete thickness ≥300mm, prestressed column diameter ≥450mm, structural steel diameter ≥6mm, building reinforcement ≥20mm.

(3) The diameter of the cut wooden member is ≥600mm.

(4) Cutting steel diameter ≥50mm.

2. Top support

The top support equipment of the rescue team has a certain ability to lift, expand, and pull loads. Lifting and handling loads are performed from all directions and angles. The movement of large components requires the use of local lifting resources.

Specific requirements are as follows:

(1) Mechanical movement 20M/T (m/ton)

(2) Manually moving 2.5M/T (m/t)

(3) Total lifting force of pneumatic equipment ≥245 tons

3. Support

The rescue team must have a certain ability to support and stabilize dangerous bodies. It is required to be able to build scaffolding, equipped with wedges, vertically stabilize the pillars of windows and doors, and establish tilting and pillar support.

Specific requirements are as follows:

(1) Use logs or pillars to reinforce doors, windows, walls, or floors. Responsible personnel need to design and construct seriously when it is necessary to support the wall or floor. And have a certain woodworking tools and various types of nails.

(2) Use mechanical, pneumatic, or hydraulic struts to safely and effectively reinforce and support building components.

4. Rope (air rescue)

The rescue team must have certain altitude rescue capabilities, including climbing, descending, trapped persons and rescue equipment at high altitude.

Specific requirements are as follows:

(1) Vertical lifting or horizontal moving equipment, safe moving load not less than 2KN.

(2) The rope is a climbing grade nylon rope with a diameter of 9mm to 13mm.

(3) Rock climbing rescue kit.

5. Medical care

The rescue team must protect the physical and mental health of the players and have the ability to provide emergency medical care, psychological interventions, and safe transshipment for the trapped. Medical evacuation runs through the entire process of rescue operations, and does its utmost to provide disaster diagnosis and treatment as well as sanitation and epidemic prevention.

Rescuers should have the most basic knowledge, methods, and skills for emergency medical care, self-rescue, mutual rescue, health and epidemic prevention, and adaptation to survival.

Specific requirements are as follows:

(1) Have rescue capabilities such as hemostasis, bandaging, fixation, transport, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

(2) Implement medical support for the trapped in the rescue process, and put forward transportation recommendations for the trapped.

(3) Equipment and drugs that can provide on-site medical emergencies.

(4) Rescue team member's own health care, immunization, epidemic prevention and injury treatment.

(5) Search dog care.

(6) Sanitary and epidemic prevention at rescue bases and refugee sites in disaster areas.

6. Logistics Support

Logistic support is an important part of the emergency rescue work for earthquake disasters. The rescue team should have communication liaison, base construction, and personal equipment.

Specific requirements are as follows:

1. Communications

When a major earthquake or catastrophe occurs and the public communications network is destroyed, the rescue should have the following communications capabilities:

(1) Front and rear telecom capabilities, complete voice, data and image transmission.

(2) Communication capabilities between the on-site command and the rescue team commanders and rescue teams.

(3) Communication capabilities during the rescue, including front and rear command centers and communication capabilities between vehicles.

2. Base construction

The construction of the rescue operation base is a place for providing rescue teams and rescue teams with various rescue guarantees and living guarantees, laying the foundation for the success of the rescue operation. The base carries out work divisions according to the needs of the rescue mission: command communication area, medical rescue area, decontamination area, equipment storage area, logistic supply area, player assembly area, player living area, search dog area, and vehicle parking area.

Corresponding protection equipment includes:

(1) Command, office equipment and maps.

(2) Provide rescue teams for camping, commanding, communications, and medical facilities.

(3) Guarantee food and drinking water of the team for more than 72 hours.

(4) Safeguard of power and lighting at bases and rescue sites, including the acquisition and storage of fuel.

(5) Safety warning facilities and fire fighting equipment.

(6) Living facilities include: camping support for various seasons, clothing, washing, sipping, clothes, toilets, garbage disposal, and other facilities.

(7) Medical rescue, health and epidemic prevention and decontamination equipment.

(8) Maintenance tools and spare parts to ensure the normal operation of the rescue equipment during the rescue.

(9) Transport and transportation of equipment and personnel between protection and rescue sites.

3, personal equipment

The rescue team should guarantee the personal safety and life requirements of the team members at the rescue site. The team members should be equipped with the necessary personal protection and life equipment.

Specific requirements are as follows:

(1) Rescue clothing, helmets, goggles, spotlights, gloves, first aid kits, personal kits, rescue boots, etc.

(2) Breathing filter masks in a dusty environment.

(3) Empty pagers in pits, tunnels or in the presence of toxic or hazardous gases.

(4) Alarm equipment in the rescue.

(5) Protective gear and earplugs for rock cutting and cutting.

(6) Personal life equipment.

Fourth, the provincial rescue team equipment configuration reference plan (see Annex)

Attachment:

Provincial rescue team equipment configuration reference plan

Category Number Name Quantity

1 Search / Investigate

1 Search and rescue dogs 3

2 Sound/Vibration Life Detectors 1

3 Optical Detector 1

4 Explosive gas detectors 1

5 Oxygen gas detector 1

6 Leakage detector 1

Optional

1 Electromagnetic wave 1

2 Thermal imaging life detector 1

3 Composite Gas Detector 1

2 Demolition

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