In recent years, heavy use of pesticides spend our growing resistance to pesticides cause, shorten the life of some pesticides, resistance at 60 monitoring sites in 20 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) are, respectively, planthoppers, two The resistance of 11 major pests such as phlegm, wheat scab, cotton bollworm, cotton aphid and whitefly was monitored. The results showed that the resistance of some pests to the commonly used control agents in the field increased significantly.
Which drugs do not work for pests and diseases? How to use drugs to delay drug resistance? Let's take a look at the scientific drug countermeasures given by experts.
Water
Brown planthopper
At present, all populations of the brown planthopper in the monitored area have high levels of resistance to the first generation neonicotinoid imidacloprid (more than 1200 times resistance), and high levels of the second generation neonicotinoid thiamethoxam. Resistance (resistance multiples 200 to 500 times), but sensitive to moderate levels of resistance to nitenpyram; low to moderate levels of resistance to the third generation neonicotinoid dinotefuramide.
The insect growth regulator agent buprofezin produced high levels of resistance (resistance multiples were more than 500 times), compared with 2015, the resistance of the brown planthopper to buprofezin increased significantly, especially in Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hubei The resistance of brown planthopper is more than 1000 times. It produces moderate levels of resistance to organophosphorus chlorpyrifos.
According to the plant protection stations in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan and other provinces, the effect of pymetrozine on the control of brown planthoppers has been declining due to years of use. During the monitoring, it was found that the difference in mortality between the high and low concentrations of pymetrozine was small, and the resistance multiple could not be calculated. This indicates that the current level of resistance to pymetrozine is rising, which should be highly concerned by the agricultural departments.
Countermeasure suggestion: Brown planthopper has different degrees of resistance to various insecticides . Therefore, in the control process of brown planthopper, between the migration area and the immigration area, the upper and lower generations of the same area should be alternated and rotated. The mechanism of action, pesticides without cross-resistance, avoid continuous, single use. In view of the fact that the brown planthopper has reached high level of resistance to imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and buprofezin, it is recommended to suspend the use of imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and buprofezin to control brown planthopper in various rice areas; strictly limit the use of pymetrozine and chlorpyrifos to control brown planthopper It is best to use rice once a season; alternately use new agents such as nitenpyram, dinotefuran, trifluoropyrimidine to delay the development of resistance to brown planthopper.
White backed stork
At present, the population of the whitebacked planthopper is moderately to high level resistant to buprofezin and chlorpyrifos; the neonicotinoids imidacloprid and thiamethoxam are sensitive to low level. Compared with 2015, the overall resistance of whitebacked planthoppers to various types of pharmaceuticals is increasing.
Suggestions: In view of the fact that the whitebacked planthopper and the brown planthopper are usually mixed, and the brown planthopper has a high level of resistance to buprofezin, it is recommended that the rice area be suspended from the use of buprofezin to control the whitebacked planthopper, and its resistance will continue to develop. At the same time, because the virulence of neonicotinoids against whitebacked planthoppers is still very high, it can be considered to use imidacloprid, thiamethoxam or flonicamidin in the field of rice planthoppers in the field. Anthrone is used alternately for control.
Grey planthopper
In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, etc.), the populations of Laodelphax striatellus are sensitive to thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, pymetrozine, etc.; they are moderately resistant to chlorpyrifos, compared with the 2015 monitoring results. In comparison, most of the Laodelphax striatellus populations have reduced the resistance to chlorpyrifos.
Countermeasure suggestion: In the future, we should continue to limit the number of chlorpyrifos use, and alternately rotate with thiamethoxam, nitenpyram or pymetrozine to delay the development of resistance.
Chilo suppressalis
The population of Chilo suppressalis in the eastern coastal areas of Zhejiang Province, the Poyang Lake area in Jiangxi Province and the southern part of Hunan Province has higher resistance to bis-amide chlorantraniliprole, and it is at a moderate level of resistance, which is an increase from the 2015 resistance multiple. . The results of field trials in Jiangxi Province showed that the insecticidal effect of chlorantraniliprole on stem borer was only 30%-70% after 14 days.
At present, the population of Chilo suppressalis in the monitored area is moderately resistant to the macrolide lactone, and the resistance multiple of most of the stem borer population is significantly increased compared with 2015, especially in Zhejiang and Hunan. The population resistance of the regional population of Chilo suppressalis is more than 50 times.
The populations of Chilo suppressalis in Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Hunan have low to moderate levels of resistance to chlorpyrifos and triazophos. The populations of Chilo suppressalis in Jiangsu, Anhui and Hubei are sensitive to low levels of chlorpyrifos and triazophos.
Countermeasure suggestion: The population of Chilo suppressalis has obvious regional resistance to insecticides. Most of the populations in Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Hunan have generally produced low to moderate levels of resistance to organophosphorus agents. The resistance of macrolides is increasing. In the future, the number of times of bisamides and macrolides should be limited, and the agents of the same mechanism of action should be avoided for multiple generations of stem borer. At the same time, the excessive use of avermectin should be controlled to reduce the killing effect on natural enemies.
Wheat
Fusarium
The results of resistance monitoring showed that the resistance of Phytophthora to carbendazim mainly occurred in Jiangsu Province and its surrounding provinces, and the degree of drug resistance reached the dangerous level detectable by conventional methods. The effect of fungicide against scab is very poor.
Countermeasure suggestion: It is recommended to use different action mechanism agents such as cylamellide and tebuconazole in the carbendazim-resistant area to delay the development of resistance.
McMug
At present, the population of the long-spotted scorpion in the monitoring area is sensitive to the common drugs such as imidacloprid, acetamiprid, fluramide, organophosphorus omethoate, carbamate anti-carboside, pyrethroid-based beta-cypermethrin. status. The sensitivity of the Phytophthora sinensis to the medicinal agents in the different locations was larger than that of the wheat genus, and the populations of Dongtai and Henan Zhumadian were detected to have low to moderate levels of resistance to imidacloprid; the population of Henan Zhumadian was monitored to be highly efficient. Cypermethrin produces moderate levels of resistance; it is sensitive to agents such as fluazimidamine, acetamiprid, carbaryl, and omethoate.
Countermeasure suggestion: It is recommended to rotate the use of neonicotinoids and anti-converse drugs in the resistant areas of wheat bran to delay the development of resistance to wheat bran.
Cotton flower
Helicoverpa armigera
It was observed that the populations of Wangjiang, Jingzhou and Zaoyang in Anhui Province were low-level resistant to pyrethroids, and other populations were at moderate to high level, especially in Qiu County of Hebei Province and Anyang of Henan Province. Shandong Binzhou and Xiajin populations produced high levels of resistance to cyhalothrin (resistance multiples 129 to 166 times).
The cotton bollworm populations in the cotton areas of North China and the Yangtze River Basin are moderately resistant to the organophosphorus phoxim and the macrolides, the amifostatin benzoate, and the Xinjiang cotton population is at a low level. Sexuality, compared with the 2015 monitoring results, the phoxim resistance multiples increased. The resistance ratio of the cotton bollworm population to the emamectin benzoate in the North China cotton area increased compared with 2015.
Countermeasure suggestion: In areas where high levels of resistance to pyrethroids in cotton bollworms, especially in North China, it is forbidden to use pyrethroids to control cotton bollworms to delay their resistance; in North China Cotton Region, Yangtze River The cotton area in the basin should limit the number of organophosphorus and macrolides used (no more than 2 times in the cotton growing period), and alternately use other agents with different mechanisms of action such as spinosad, chlorantraniliprole and other mechanisms.
Cotton aphid
At present, all populations of cotton aphid in the monitored area are highly resistant to pyrethroids such as deltamethrin and neonicotinoid imidacloprid. In some areas, the resistance multiples have reached tens of thousands of times (multiple resistance to deltamethrin) >4545 times, the resistance to imidacloprid is 188-316402 times); the carbamate butyl thiocarbamate is moderately to high level resistant; the organophosphorus oxidized dimethoate is moderately resistant.
The resistance of cotton aphid to medicinal development is relatively fast, and it has almost resistance to all the agents currently used, especially for pyrethroids, carbamates, and neonicotinoids. And there is still an increasing trend.
Countermeasure suggestion: Aphis gossypii has become one of the most resistant and difficult to control pests. It is recommended to suspend the use of deltamethrin, butyl thiocarbamate, imidacloprid and other agents in agricultural production, and choose other different mechanisms of action for prevention and control. Comprehensive resistance management measures are adopted to achieve better control effects.
Vegetables
Beet armyworm
Shanghai Fengxian, Chongming, and Guangdong Baiyun beet armyworm populations are highly resistant to the bisamide chlorantraniliprole (resistance multiples are 112-805 times); methionvir, insect growth regulators methoxy Tebufenozide is at a moderate level of resistance; it is sensitive to moderate to level resistance to the macrolide agent spinosyn. The population of Astragalus membranaceus in Hubei is moderately resistant to chlorantraniliprole and sensitive to all three other agents.
Countermeasure suggestion: The vegetable production areas in East China and South China are recommended to adjust the drug use strategy in a timely manner, suspend or reduce the use of chlorantraniliprole to control beet armyworm, and strictly control the use of methoxyfenozide, indoxacarb, spinosyn and other drugs. And pay attention to the alternate rotation of the agents between different mechanisms of action.
Bemisia tabaci
Bemisia tabaci populations in northern vegetable producing areas such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shanxi, Shandong, etc. are sensitive to neonicotinoid thiamethoxam, macrolide avermectin and other agents, to bisamide cyanamide, insects The growth regulators such as pyriproxyfen and tyrosone acid spirotetramat are moderately resistant; the populations of Bemisia tabaci in Hubei, Hunan, Hainan and other vegetable producing areas have higher resistance levels than those in northern vegetable producing areas. Abamectin is sensitive to low levels of resistance, thiamethoxam is at a low level of resistance, moderate to high levels of resistance to agents such as pyriproxyfen and spirotetramat, and high levels of resistance to cyanamide.
Countermeasure suggestion: In view of the characteristics of the resistance of Bemisia tabaci to the north and south, the production areas of Hubei, Hunan, Hainan and other vegetable producing areas should reduce the number of use of single agent to control Bemisia tabaci, and pay attention to the alternate rotation of drugs between different mechanisms.
Due to the irrational use of pesticides and fertilizers, some low-toxic and high-efficiency pesticides end their lives early and cannot serve agricultural production. This is inevitable, and we should pay attention to these problems and slow down the development of pesticide resistance through scientific and rational methods. Carry out agricultural production.
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