Lithium-ion batteries do not like cold environments. Below 10 degrees Celsius, traditional lithium-ion batteries cannot be quickly charged, which is a serious problem for electric vehicles in many areas. In Scandinavia, electric cars must be equipped with a small heater in the battery box, and the heating device equipped in California is obviously larger than that in Minnesota and Canada.
The team led by Chao-Yang Wang, head of the electrochemical engine research center at Penn State University, has developed a new type of battery that can self-heat to avoid energy loss at sub-freezing temperatures. It uses the same principle as the fast charging station, but it can charge the battery in 15 minutes even when the ambient temperature drops to minus 43 degrees Celsius.
This battery connects one end of a nickel sheet to the negative electrode, and the other end extends outside the battery to form a third pole port. When the temperature sensor connected to the switch detects that the ambient temperature drops to about 25 degrees Celsius, it will control the current through the nickel sheet through the switch. The resistance will cause the nickel sheet to heat up and provide temperature to the battery from the inside.
Once the temperature rises above room temperature, the switch equipped with the battery will automatically transfer the current to directly charge the battery. Wang claimed that this means that we do not need to replace the charging station, we only need to control the heating and charging in the battery, and there is no need to adjust the charging device.
In a report published in the Proceedings of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the researchers claimed that their prototype battery can withstand 4,500 fast 15-minute recharges at 0 degrees Celsius, with only 20% energy loss. This means that the battery life will reach 12.5 years. In contrast, a traditional battery with 20% energy loss can only withstand 50 charges.
Researchers say this innovative technology also makes batteries safer. Charging a lithium-ion battery at 10 degrees Celsius will cause lithium ion accumulation on the anode surface, which can create risks of short circuits, heat loss, and fire. Researchers claim that this unique method of fast charging allows manufacturers to build smaller, lighter and safer batteries for electric vehicles.
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