Bearing Material Without Smooth Bearing (2)
Source: China Bearing Network | Time: 2013-01-18
2. Carbon Graphite Information Carbon graphite is a non-metallic material composed of carbon, one of the three allotropic forms of carbon. It has a hexagonal crystal structure, with each layer made up of hexagonal rings stacked in an ordered manner. This unique structure gives it excellent properties like electrical conductivity, heat resistance, and self-lubrication. Graphite can be classified into natural and artificial types. Artificial graphite is produced by subjecting carbon-based materials to high-temperature graphitization above 2500°C. Carbon graphite is known for its high thermal conductivity, low coefficient of thermal expansion, and good chemical resistance. It also exhibits low friction and wear rates under normal atmospheric conditions. However, its lubricity decreases significantly in dry environments. To improve its performance, wear-resistant coatings are often applied. Carbon graphite is widely used not only as a solid lubricant but also as a component in resin, metal, and ceramic composites. It enhances the friction-reducing properties of these materials. Additionally, it can be directly used in various mechanical applications such as bearings, seals, piston rings, and scrapers in industries like paper, wood processing, textiles, and food production. In mechanical engineering, carbon graphite materials are categorized under the "M" class, which includes four main series: carbon-graphite materials, electrochemical graphite materials, resin-carbon composites, and metal-graphite composites. 3. Ceramic Materials Ceramics are inorganic, non-metallic materials formed from natural minerals or synthetic compounds through high-temperature processes. They consist of many small crystalline structures and glass phases. Traditional ceramics are made from materials like clay, feldspar, and quartz, while advanced ceramics include alumina, zirconia, silicon carbide, and silicon nitride. The performance of ceramics is largely determined by their microstructure, including grain size, distribution, and the presence of glassy phases and impurities. Ceramics are known for their high hardness, compressive strength, heat resistance, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. However, they are brittle and lack ductility, making them susceptible to cracking under impact. Ceramics are increasingly being used as bearing materials due to their excellent mechanical and thermal properties. Special ceramics like silicon carbide (SiC) and silicon nitride (Si3N4) are particularly valued for their high strength, heat resistance, and good tribological performance.
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