Bearing Material Without Smooth Bearing (2)
Source: China Bearing Network | Time: 2013-01-18
2. Carbon Graphite Carbon graphite is a non-metallic material made of carbon, one of the three carbon isomers. It has a hexagonal crystal structure, with each layer consisting of a hexagonal ring system. These layers are stacked in an ordered manner. Graphite can be classified into natural and artificial types based on its origin. Artificial graphite is produced by subjecting carbon-based materials to high-temperature graphitization above 2500°C. Carbon graphite typically exhibits excellent electrical conductivity, heat resistance, wear resistance, self-lubrication, high thermal stability, strong chemical resistance, higher thermal conductivity than polymers, and a low coefficient of linear expansion. Under atmospheric conditions at room temperature, it shows a very low friction coefficient and wear rate. However, its lubricity decreases significantly under low humidity. To enhance its performance, a wear-resistant coating can be applied. Graphite is not only used as a solid lubricant but also as a component in resins, metals, and ceramics to improve their friction-reducing properties. It can also be directly used in various applications such as paper, wood processing, textiles, food industries, and mechanical parts like bearings, high-temperature sliding bearings, seals, piston rings, and scrapers. In mechanical engineering, carbon graphite materials are categorized under the "M" class, which includes four series: carbon graphite, electrochemical graphite, resin-carbon composites, and metal-graphite materials. 3. Ceramic Materials Ceramics are inorganic, non-metallic materials derived from natural minerals or artificial compounds. They are formed and sintered at high temperatures, consisting of many small inorganic crystals and glass phases. Traditional ceramics include materials like clay, feldspar, and quartz, while advanced ceramics are made from special compounds such as alumina, magnesia, zirconia, titanium oxide, silicon carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, and boron nitride. The performance of ceramics is largely determined by their microstructure, including grain size, distribution, composition, and content of the glass phase, as well as impurities. The microstructure depends on the material composition and manufacturing process. Ceramics are known for their high hardness, compressive strength, heat resistance, wear resistance, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, and brittleness. They lack ductility and impact resistance. In recent years, ceramics have become a promising bearing material without traditional lubrication, especially silicon carbide (SiC) and silicon nitride (Si₃N₄), which offer excellent strength, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance, along with good frictional properties.
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