First, the growth environment of green onions
1, temperature: onion originated in the semi-cold zone, so cold and not hot, in a cold and warm climate, high yield, good quality. Onion has a strong cold tolerance. Under naked conditions, it can withstand the low temperature of -20 °C, and the seedlings can safely overwinter at -10 °C. Seedlings and seed plants can withstand the low temperature of -30---40 °C under the conditions of snow and protective cover. Onions don't like heat, and can withstand temperatures up to 45 °C.
The seeds can germinate at 2 to 5 ° C. In the temperature range of 7--20 ° C, the higher the temperature, the faster the germination is, but the effect is no longer when the temperature exceeds 20 ° C. From germination to cotyledon excavation, the accumulated temperature of 7 ° C or more is required to be left at 140 ° C. Suitable for onion growth temperature is 7--35 ° C, in the temperature range of 13--25 ° C, stem and leaf growth is strong; 10-20 ° C, scallions grow vigorously, the temperature exceeds 25 ° C growth slow, the formation of scallion and green leaves The quality is poor.
The green onion is a plant that passes through the vernalization stage of the green body. The plants above 3 leaves pass the vernalization stage after 7-10 days at a temperature lower than 7 °C.
2, light: green onions do not require high light intensity, the length of sunshine time is required to be neutral, as long as the vernalization under the action of low temperature, regardless of the length of sunshine can be normal bolting flowers.
3. Moisture: The leaves of the green onion are tubular, waxy, drought-resistant, and can reduce water evaporation and resist drought. The masses have the saying that "the onions are not dead." Put five onions of real leaves above the sun for 10 days. Although the roots are dry and the leaves are shrinking, they cannot harm life.
However, the roots of the onion in the production have no root hair, and the water absorption capacity is poor. The water supply is satisfied in each growth period, and the growth can be robust, the scallions are coarse and the yield is high.
4, soil nutrition: green onion originally required soil is not strict, but its root group is small, no root hair, poor ability to absorb fertilizer, such as high yield, must use 1 soil loose; 2 soil layer is deep; 9 soil fertile; 4 drainage is good; 5 organic-rich soil.
The requirement of acidity and alkalinity of green onion: PH value is 7--7.4 is good, lower than 6, more than 8.5, which has inhibitory effect on seed germination and plant growth.
Green onions are most sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer in the soil. When the soil hydrolyzed nitrogen is lower than 60mg (mg) / liter, the application of nitrogen fertilizer has a good effect; the soil hydrolyzed nitrogen in high-yield fields should reach 80--100 mg / liter, potassium must be applied .
For each 1000kg of onion, pure N2.7kg, P0.5kg and K3.3kg are required.
Second, green onion fertilization technology
Colonization
After the planting site is selected, the base fertilizer should be applied. The fertilization method depends on the fertilizer. When the quantity is large, it can be applied in a comprehensive manner. When it is small, it should be applied to the bottom layer of the planting ditch, and it is mainly composed of decomposed or semi-fertilized organic fertilizer. Generally, the quality of the 667 square meters vegetable field is 5000~8000kg. The soil containing less phosphorus is applied with 25kg of calcium phosphate, 150kg of ash or 8~10kg of potassium sulfate per 667 square meters.
2. After colonization
After planting, the onion seedlings grow slowly. When the rainy season is passed, the weather gradually turns cold. The onion plants enter a vigorous growth period, and the old leaves gradually turn yellow, and new leaves continue to occur. With good nutritional status and dark conditions, it can promote the growth of multiple leaves and sheaths. Immediately after the fall, the fertilizer should be applied, and the application of organic fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer should be mastered. For each topdressing, apply 4000kg of soil and fertilizer per 667 square meters on the back of the ridge, or apply 150kg of cake fertilizer or 3000kg of wormhole soil. Immediately after application, it will be shallowed once and watered once. After about 15 days, chase the second fat, apply 750kg of human excrement, or apply 100kg of ash, 30kg of humic acid, and 30kg of superphosphate. After fertilization, combine with deep sputum to cultivate the soil and then water it. After another 25 to 30 days, the third top dressing will be applied to apply 15 to 25 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per 667 square meters. After topdressing, watering and soiling will be carried out. At this time, the scallion will be quickly gained weight and enriched until harvest. If the soil fertility is high and the base fertilizer is sufficient, the first top dressing may not be performed. In areas with short growth periods and good soil fertility, the third top dressing can be avoided.
3. Common pests and diseases of onion and favorable conditions
Pests and diseases
name
Pathogen or pest category
way for spreading
Favorable condition
Downy mildew
Fungus: Onion and Mildew
Wintering on the host or seed or in the soil, spread by wind, rain, insects
Low-lying, poorly drained, heavy, cool, rainy or foggy weather
Purple spot
Fungus: Chrysosporium
Sick, air, rain
Warm and humid, temperature 25-27 ° C
Black spot
Fungus:
Sick body, airflow
Weak, weak, poorly managed
Gray mold
Fungus: Sphaerotheca fuliginea
Airflow, rainwater, irrigation water
Lower temperature, higher humidity
Blight
Fungus: Phytophthora nicotiana
Sick, wind and rain
Rainy rain, high planting density, low terrain, water accumulation in the field
White rot
Fungus: white rot fungi
Soil, sick body
Temperature 15-20 °C, long-term continuous cropping, poor drainage, insufficient soil fertility
Small sclerotinia
Fungus: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Sick body, airflow
Temperature 14 ° C, high humidity
Soft rot
Bacteria: Carrot soft rot, E. coli, carrot, soft rot, pathogenic type
Soil disease, fertilizer, rain, irrigation water, insects
Low-lying continuous cropping, plant length
Yellow dwarf disease
Virus: Onion Dwarf Virus (OYDV)
Locust, juice rub
High temperature and drought, large amount of sputum
Onion fly
Diptera
Adults move short distance
Liriomyza sativa
Diptera
Adults fly, spread with the host
Green onion horse
Thyme
Adult flying
Temperature 25 ° C, relative humidity below 60%
Beet armyworm
Lepidoptera
Adult migration
High temperature drying
4. Weeds and control of green onion field
1. Variety of weeds in the field of green onion
(1) è , 别 è è è è 别 别 别 别 别 别 别 别 别 别 别 别 别 别 别 别 别 别 别 别 别 别 别 别 别 别
(2) Purslane, other horses, horses, horses, horses, pigs, grasses, stalks, succulent herbs, annual succulent herbs, mainly in early spring damage to green onion seedlings.
(3) è—œ, 别别ç°æ¡èœ, ç°èœ, 藜科, annual herb, mainly in the spring damage to the green onion seedlings.
(4) Madang, the other is the fork grass, the claw grass, the big grasping grass, the grass, the annual herb, which mainly damages the onion and the autumn sowing.
(5) foxtail, other dog grass, green foxtail, green foxtail, grass, annual herb, mainly damage the onion and autumn sowing.
(6) Goosegrass, nicknamed valerian, gramineous, annual herb, mainly damages onion and autumn sowing.
(7) Zou Guozhen, other green scorpion, wild scorpion, scorpion, annual herb, damage to green onion, scallions and autumn sowing.
(8) Teff, other mosquitoes, star grass, grass, annual herb, mainly damage the onion and autumn sowing.
2, prevention and treatment skills
(1) Completely eliminate field weeds before sowing
During the management of the crops, we will strengthen the cultivating and weeding, adopting the combination of artificial weeding and chemical weeding, paying special attention to eliminating the weeds in the head gap before the weed seeds are mature, and further reducing the weed seeds that may enter the field. After the crop is harvested, paraquat is sprayed to completely eliminate the weeds in the field.
(2) Controlling weeds in the seedling bed before sowing
After sowing, the onion is sprayed with 50% acetochlor EC 80-120g per 667 square meters for pre-emergence blocking, and the mulch cover dose is reduced by half after sowing. Control the weeds that sprout first in the bed of green onion seedlings.
(3) Prevention and control of weeds in seedling bed after emergence of green onion
After the green onion is returned to the green, it can be sprayed with 5% of the fine grass emulsifiable concentrate 10ml + kekuol emulsifiable concentrate 5ml to control the weeds. Be sure to pay attention to the amount of herbicide. At this dosage, the onion seedlings may appear to be slowing down within a week, but the effect is not significant. If there is 4-6 leaves of grass in the seedbed, it should be removed manually in time.
(4) Prevention and control of field weeds after planting
After planting, the onion seedlings grow rapidly, so be sure to pay attention to the use of the herbicide and the dosage, so as not to cause phytotoxicity. In the onion ditch, spray 5% of the fine grass emulsifiable concentrate 20-30ml per 667 square meters to control grass weeds. Broadleaf weeds are usually removed manually.
LED Wall Lights have become a popular choice for homeowners and businesses alike. These versatile light fixtures come in a range of styles, sizes, and designs to suit different preferences. Whether you need a wall lamp light for your bedroom or reading nook, Garden Wall Lights to highlight your outdoor space, or led wall pack for your commercial property, LED Wall Lights are a perfect option. Moreover, if you prefer to add accent, warmth, and ambiance to your indoor spaces, led wall lights indoor can provide just the right glow to illuminate your area. With their energy-saving benefits and long-lasting lifespan, LED Wall Lights are an excellent investment for any property owner.
wall lamp light,Garden Wall Lights,led wall pack,led wall lights indoor
Ningbo Le Monde Lighting Co.,Ltd , https://www.nblemonde-lighting.com