In the "Science" magazine published on the 7th, an American research team published a paper claiming that they used carbon nanotubes and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) to successfully manufacture the world's smallest transistor with a gate length of only 1 nanometer. One is the dimension of human hair filament diameter of 50,000, which is far below the theoretical limit of the minimum 5-nm gate length of the silicon-based transistor.
Making smaller transistors is the direction that the semiconductor industry has been striving for, and the gate length is considered to be the standard for measuring transistor size. At present, the transistors used in high-end electronic products on the market are mostly silicon-on-gate transistors with a gate width of 20 nanometers. However, it is generally believed that transistors with a gate less than 5 nanometers cannot work normally. To overcome the limitations of silicon, the research team led by Ali Javi, a researcher at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory of the US Department of Energy, aimed at molybdenum disulfide and carbon nanotubes.
Molybdenum disulfide has a crystal lattice structure similar to that of silicon. However, compared with silicon, molybdenum disulfide is more easily controlled in conductivity and can be processed into a 0.65 nm thick dielectric constant (also referred to as permittivity). Thin layers can be considered ideal transistor materials. The use of carbon nanotubes with a diameter of only 1 nanometer as the gate is a result of the difficulty of the manufacturing process. Because it is not an easy task to fabricate a tiny structure that is only 1 nanometer in diameter, conventional lithography cannot accomplish this task well. The team's tests showed that a molybdenum disulfide transistor with a carbon nanotube as a gate can effectively control the current. Even if the gate is only 1 nanometer, its electrical performance is still good.
Javi said that the transistor with only one nanometer of gate electrode is the smallest transistor in the world. At the same time, the research also shows that materials science will provide more space for the miniaturization of electronic products. As long as suitable semiconductor materials are found and suitable structures are built, Moore's Law will still be valid for some time in the future. (Reporter Liu Haiying)
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