Typical refinery fire extinguishing

(I) Structural characteristics and fire hazard of atmospheric towers
★ Choose a good guide;
The first thing to do is to determine the direction of the reverse flow, the route, area, or container that flows through.
★ prevent negative pressure.
When you open a valve to divert or discharge gas or liquid, you must ensure that the container is in a positive pressure state.
The structural features of the atmospheric tower are: the tower body is made of welded metal cylinders, which are generally 30-40 meters tall. The tower body has many process access holes and safety accessories to take over, leaking points, and the medium inside the tower. High temperature oil and gas, and large volume, there is a certain internal pressure.
The main fire hazards of atmospheric towers are the top of the tower, the distilling line and the condensing cooling system, which are prone to corrosion perforation, resulting in oil leakage and fire. In addition, the initial top, often top return tank, production of gasoline in production, due to large flow back, such as liquid surface out of control easily lead to full tank overflow and bring fire and explosion hazards.
(II) Fire remedial measures for atmospheric towers
★ Stop heating and cut off heat sources. Close the furnace valve and open the flood valve. Where there is a cooling water spray device, the valve shall be opened immediately and the spray cooling tower top and the tower wall shall be forcibly implemented to prevent the tower body from being broken or deformed. If there is no fire in the area where the water spray is set, the fire commander shall arrange a sufficient number of water guns and water guns to cool the tower from top to bottom to reduce the temperature of the tower body.
★ Slowly open the top emptying valve to reduce the pressure.
★ Close the collection valve above the collection tank to prevent the flame from entering the interior and expand the disaster.
★ Close the nearby stripping towers and other production equipment and pipeline valves and perform necessary cooling and cooling to prevent secondary disasters such as explosions.
(III) Fire risk of vacuum towers
★ The tower is under negative pressure and the crude oil temperature in the tower exceeds its auto-ignition point. If the flange and vent valve connected to the tower are not tight, the outside air will enter and an explosion mixture will form with the oil and gas in the tower.
★ The liquid level at the bottom of the tower is too high, and the high-temperature heavy oil stays at the bottom of the tower for a long time, cracking and coking, blocking the outlet pipe, and causing a fire accident on the pagoda.
(4) Fire suppression technics measures in the vacuum tower
★ stop heating, close the vacuum furnace valve and heating valve, reduce the temperature in the vacuum distillation tower.
★ Close the condensate oil and water valve to prevent backflow from expanding the combustion.
★ Use proper water spray facilities or fire hoses, water cannons, etc. to properly cool down the nearby stripping towers and pipelines of production facilities.
★ Under the premise of confirming that re-combustion and re-explosion have been eliminated, fire extinguishing methods such as dry powder, haloalkane fire extinguishing agent or strong water flow cutting can be used to eliminate the fire in one fell swoop. If there is a steam fire extinguishing facility, steam can also be steamed into the tower to reduce the concentration of oil vapors and extinguish the fire. This fire extinguishing effect is better.
(V) Estimation of the Force of Fire Extinguishing at Normal Vacuum Towers
★ water supply quantity calculation process equipment fire water consumption
The duration of fire continued water supply should not be less than 3h.
★ Foam and water consumption foam liquids for combating ground turbulent fires: Q solution = 0.06Aqt
Configure the foam application water calculation: Q water = 0.94Aqt
(6) The strength of the fire suppression of an atmospheric and vacuum tower is compiled
★ Fighting the ground-flowing bonfire and fighting it with the foam gun of the foam fire truck main battle vehicle

4 car 4PQ8 foam gun, control area 50m2-100m2
★ Fight fire and cooling of the tower body and build a high-vehicle combat system with a high-powered fire truck-tank fire truck as the main battle vehicle.

Water gun flow is 501/s, control area is 60-100 m2
Second, electric desalination dehydration tank fire fighting
(I) Electric desalination and dehydration process, there are high-temperature hot oil, the use of high voltage (15 ~ 35kV), high frequency (1 ~ 2kV/cm) electric field electrical devices.
(1) If the pipeline leaks oil through the furnace open flame;
(2) The desalting dehydration tank is not filled with crude oil or air to start the high voltage power supply;
(3) Insufficient insulation of high-voltage electrical appliances or electric field strength exceeding 2 kV/cm can cause insulation breakdown to cause an explosion fire.
(b) Fire extinguishing measures for electric desalting dehydration tanks 1. First cut off the power supply;
2. Close the oil inlet valve to prevent the spread of fire;
3. If surface fire occurs, first destroy the ground fire;
4. Cool the fire tank and the adjacent tank to prevent the tank from exploding;
5. Can use water flow seal or dry powder to save tank top fire;
6. Continue cooling after extinguishing the fire.
Three, heating furnace fire fighting
(I) Fire hazard of heating furnaces The furnace uses an open flame to heat the raw material inside the furnace tube. The atmospheric furnace and the reduced pressure furnace are divided into 4 channels. In the production, if the feeds are not uniform in each way, the coke inside the furnace tube tends to be coked, resulting in local overheating, which may cause the furnace tube to rupture and cause oil leakage and fire. In particular, the decompression furnace, because of its heavy heating of raw material components and the high temperature at the furnace outlet, is more susceptible to coking than atmospheric furnaces. When the temperature is too high, it can cause coke formation in the vacuum tower, blocking the extraction pipe or breaking the foam net. Crashing tower fire accident.
2. At the exit of the atmospheric pressure furnace and vacuum furnace, due to impurities such as sulfur in the high-temperature oil and gas, the speed of the oil and gas line is quick, and it is easily washed by corrosion, resulting in thinning and perforation and causing fire.
(b) Fire suppression measures for heating furnaces 1. The sources of raw oil should be cut off before the fire is extinguished, and the furnace shutdown and ceasefire should be conducted to prevent re-ignition or re-explosion after fire extinguishing;
2. When fighting a fire, use a fixed steam fire extinguishing device or semi-fixed steam fire extinguishing device to inject steam to eliminate the fire;
3. According to the actual situation of the fire field, it is also possible to use fire spray water jets to inject atomized water flow to extinguish the fire. The fire extinguishing principle is similar to that of steam fire extinguishing, and the fire extinguishing means is more simple and effective, but attention should be paid to the “tempered” burn jets. Also pay attention to the problem of the destruction of the hearth by the pressure generated by the vaporization of mist water into the high temperature furnace.
Fourth, the crude oil pipeline fire fighting
In organizing and commanding fire fighting of crude oil pipelines, firefighters must be organized to implement strong cooling and effective protection. Organized lean engineering and technical personnel who are familiar with the production process forcibly close feed valves, open steam lines to purge, and cooperate with each other quickly. Extinguish the fire and try to drain the remaining oil inside the pipeline to prevent re-ignition or re-explosion.
Five, three-dimensional fire fighting measures
1. Closely organize coordinated operations. The salient features of the three-dimensional fire in the production plant area of ​​the oil refinery are: not only the burning area is large, but also the fire source point is different from the ground. It is most difficult to fight a fire, and it is easy to miss the other. Combining closely the units and personnel involved in firefighting fighting is an important task for the commander of the fire field. In particular, all aspects of the ground operations and high-altitude operations, various guns and guns, cooling and fire fighting, and offensive and cover must be organized. Well, in order to give full play to the power of powerful collective power, it will win the victory in fighting a three-dimensional fire.
2. Cooling, process and fire fighting. The production plant area has been developed as a three-dimensional fire fighting measure, requiring plant, workshop engineering personnel and fire extinguishing command personnel to make joint research and decision-making, usually while cooling and eliminating disasters continue to expand, at the same time it must take partial or all (production Device area) cooling and decompression, stop the production of continuous operation, interrupt the entry of combustible materials into the combustion zone, to create favorable conditions for the elimination of re-ignition, re-explosion and complete elimination of fire.