Onion rot significantly impacts the market value of onions, and timely pesticide application is essential to prevent economic losses. Let’s explore effective prevention methods in detail:
First, disease-induced decay. To manage this, farmers should implement crop rotation and avoid planting onions or garlic in the same area consecutively. Applying well-fermented organic fertilizers can help reduce bacterial contamination. It's also recommended to use raised beds for better drainage. During the growing season, nitrogen fertilizer should be balanced with phosphorus and potassium. Proper drainage during bulb formation is crucial to prevent waterlogging, which can lead to rot. Additionally, applying a new high-fat film can help protect against pathogen infection, enhance the plant's resistance to environmental stress, and improve photosynthetic efficiency.
Second, physiological decay caused by nutrient deficiency. In early spring, low temperatures can lead to an overaccumulation of ammonium nitrogen in the soil, which hinders the uptake of calcium, potassium, and magnesium. This can result in various physiological disorders. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer use can worsen this problem. To address this, it's advised to use root stimulants and micro-nutrients that encourage root absorption and help break down nutrients in the soil more effectively.
Third, decay caused by water stagnation. At the end of the onion growth cycle, the leaf sheath becomes loose, creating gaps where excess water can accumulate. This can cause the bulbs to rot, especially if the plants fall over or are exposed to heavy rain. Ensuring proper drainage and harvesting onions at the right time can help prevent this issue.
Fourth, decay caused by pests. Insects such as cutworms, wireworms, and mole crickets can damage onion roots, creating wounds that allow pathogens to enter. Pesticide manufacturers recommend using a combination of root treatments and targeted sprays to improve pest control and reduce the risk of secondary infections.
By following these strategies, growers can significantly reduce the occurrence of onion rot and maintain healthy, high-quality crops.
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