Inorganic waste gases like HCl and H2S are commonly treated using liquid spray absorption techniques. Over recent years, with economic growth, the rise in chemical enterprises has led to significant industrial organic waste gas emissions. These emissions have degraded air quality, posing serious risks to human health and causing substantial economic losses. Therefore, it's crucial to enhance organic waste gas treatment.
For decades, people have been researching ways to manage organic waste gases, developing several effective control technologies. Widely used and studied methods include thermal destruction, condensation, and absorption. Emerging techniques in recent years involve biofilm, corona discharge, and plasma decomposition methods.
One common approach is thermal combustion. This method involves mixing organic waste gas with fuel at high temperatures for complete combustion. It’s ideal for handling combustible gases with high concentrations and low volumes, offering high purification efficiency by fully oxidizing and decomposing organic waste gases. However, this method has drawbacks such as equipment corrosion, high operational costs, and potential secondary pollution.
The catalytic combustion method uses a catalyst to oxidize hydrocarbons in organic waste gas into water and carbon dioxide at lower temperatures. This achieves efficient treatment but suffers from catalyst poisoning and high initial investment costs.
Absorption methods rely on the solubility of organic waste gases in water, allowing them to dissolve directly into water, thus removing the pollutants. This is effective for water-soluble, organized emissions but generates secondary pollution and requires additional treatment of the washing liquid, with limited purification efficiency.
Adsorption methods use adsorbents to capture organic waste gases, making it suitable for low-concentration gases. While it boasts high purification efficiency and low costs, regeneration can be challenging, necessitating continuous replacement of adsorbents.
Biological methods utilize microorganisms to decompose gaseous pollutants in waste gases into less harmful substances. This method is simple, energy-efficient, and safe, producing no secondary pollution. However, it cannot recycle pollutants.
Low-temperature plasma technology generates highly chemically active particles within the plasma, such as electrons and free radicals. These interact with pollutants, converting them into substances like CO2 and H2O, effectively purifying the exhaust. It’s versatile, efficient, and particularly useful for complex odorous gases. Despite its advantages—low operational costs, quick start-up—it demands high initial investment and poses certain safety concerns.
Photo-oxygen catalytic combustion is another innovative method. It uses specific UV bands to break down waste gas molecules and undergoes redox reactions under special catalytic oxidants. By breaking organic molecules and generating high concentrations of ozone, it enhances oxidation efficiency, providing an effective way to treat exhaust gases. So far, no notable downsides have been identified.
Each method has its own strengths and limitations, making it essential to select the most appropriate technique based on the specific waste gas composition and environmental requirements.
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