In recent years, the use of bio-pesticides has gained significant traction and is increasingly seen as a promising alternative in modern agriculture. One of the key advantages of bio-pesticides is their low residue levels, which makes them more environmentally friendly and safer for consumers. As biotechnology advances and the commercial production of biological products improves, bio-pesticides have become more widely adopted in agricultural practices, yielding positive results.
However, despite these benefits, there are still challenges in promoting bio-pesticides effectively. A major issue is the lack of comprehensive public awareness and understanding. Some marketers and farmers do not fully grasp the nature and applications of bio-pesticides, leading to misconceptions. For example, some believe that using bio-pesticides allows for continued use of chemical pesticides, or that they completely replace traditional methods. Others mistakenly think that only food produced with bio-pesticides can be considered pollution-free. There is also a tendency to overemphasize the role of bio-pesticides while ignoring their limitations, such as slower action and less immediate visual effects. This can create a perception of inefficiency among farmers who need quick results.
Additionally, improper usage can reduce the effectiveness of bio-pesticides. Some farmers mix Bt with fungicides or acidic compounds, which can neutralize the active ingredients and reduce their impact. These issues hinder the smooth and effective promotion of bio-pesticides, emphasizing the need for better education and proper application techniques.
First, it's important to recognize the technological advancements behind bio-pesticides. Experts predict that bio-pesticide technology will play a crucial role in the 21st century, shaping a future bio-economy. In China, the use of bio-pesticides began in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Today, there are various types, including microbial, biochemical, genetically modified, and plant-based pesticides. These products can control pests and diseases without leaving harmful residues, helping to produce clean, safe food. They also reduce environmental pollution, protect human and animal health, and help maintain natural pest predators. Moreover, pests are less likely to develop resistance to bio-pesticides compared to chemical ones. According to the Ministry of Agriculture, there are 77 registered active ingredients of bio-pesticides in China, accounting for 13.4% of all pesticide active ingredients, and about 691 products, representing 7.1% of total pesticide products. The production volume reaches nearly 100,000 tons, covering around 400 million mu of farmland. While bio-pesticides are an important part of the pesticide industry, they are not yet a complete replacement for chemical pesticides and require further development and refinement.
Second, understanding how bio-pesticides work is essential. Unlike chemical pesticides, which act quickly, bio-pesticides often take time to affect pests. For instance, high-efficiency Bt works by first numbing the insect’s nervous system before damaging its internal organs, taking 1–3 days. Similarly, insect viruses enter the host and disrupt cellular functions, causing death within 3–5 days. Another example is Jinggangmycin, which inhibits cell wall formation in pathogens, leading to abnormal growth. Although the visual effect may be slower, the long-term suppression of pests and diseases is effective. Therefore, it is important to apply these products according to their specific characteristics and conditions.
Third, proper application techniques are crucial for maximizing the benefits of bio-pesticides. Farmers should follow local forecasts from plant protection departments and apply bio-pesticides a few days in advance. It is also important to use the correct dosage and avoid altering concentrations. To enhance effectiveness and safety, small amounts of low-toxicity chemical pesticides can be mixed, reducing the use of highly toxic chemicals. However, certain combinations, like mixing Bt with fungicides or acidic solutions, should be avoided, especially in mulberry gardens. Additionally, bio-pesticides should not be exposed to direct sunlight or moisture. Application is best done on sunny afternoons or cloudy days, and reapplication is necessary after rain. By following these guidelines, farmers can ensure optimal performance and sustainability.
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