Cultivation of large cherries
1. Level the land before planting. Dig the planting ditch or planting the hole. Heavy clay requires trenches that are wider and deeper than 80 cm each. Fill the bottom of the ditch and the hole with 20-30 cm of crop straw, cover 20 cm above the soil, and apply 50 kg of soil and manure on the top. The manure and soil should be evenly mixed. After the ditch is filled, the ground water is poured.
2. When the sprouts are planted, the grafted buds are exposed to the ground for about 5 cm. After the seeding, the water is poured, so that the roots and the soil are tightly combined. When the buds start to sprout, the rootstocks with the buds of 1.5 cm or more are cut off, and the sprouts of the rootstocks are erased. In the future, the rootstock is often germinated to ensure the growth advantage of the bud.
3. After planting, pay attention to watering and protection, and prevent draining. Apply urea or diammonium phosphate for 5, 6, 7, and 8 months, each of which is 15, 20, 25, 30 kg, shallow ditch. Combined with watering after application.
4. After the seedlings are planted, from late May to early June, the seedling height is 50-60 cm for topping, and the top 10 cm is cut to promote the first branching. After the topping and cutting of the branches of the large cherry, 3-4 new techniques are generally issued.
5. The most serious disease of the big cherry is gum disease. The reason for the glue is that the wound or the cut is not well healed, so pay attention to cutting the dryness at the cut.
6. Cherries are very sensitive to soil moisture conditions and are neither drought-resistant nor resistant to phlegm. Therefore, it is necessary to choose loose soil with good permeability, use quick-acting fertilizer and fertilizer, and use organic fertilizer. Cherry watering does not require large water temperature irrigation, and requires “water to wet the groundâ€. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly used after fruit picking to promote flower bud differentiation.
Big cherry dead tree prevention measures
1. Select high-quality seedlings and choose the seedlings with good affinity for grafting and detoxification treatment, and the survival rate of planting is high.
2. Dig the drainage ditch, improve the irrigation and drainage system, combine the ridge cultivation, and dig the drainage ditch. The use of modern irrigation methods such as drip irrigation and infiltration irrigation not only saves water a lot, but also creates a suitable soil environment for the large cherry to ensure the good growth and development of the tree. In mountainous areas or areas with relatively poor economic conditions, ditch irrigation or tree tray irrigation can be used.
3. Avoid freezing damage and try to choose the variety that sprouts and blooms after the high frost period. In addition, the germination and flowering stages can be delayed by whitening the trunk and watering in the early spring. The flowering period is postponed for 3 to 4 days. Through reasonable load, reasonable fertilization and watering, scientific pruning, comprehensive pest control, etc., the tree level and tree nutrient levels are enhanced, and the cold resistance is improved.
4. Strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases Use detoxified seedlings to build gardens to reduce the incidence of root cancer. The seedlings are selected before planting to completely remove the nodule seedlings.
Big cherry cultivation attention
First, the introduction problem:
Big cherry is warm, not cold-resistant, not drought-tolerant, not resistant to cockroaches, afraid of strong winds, afraid of clay saline soil, suitable for cultivation in areas with an average annual temperature of 10-15 °C. Experience has shown that when the temperature is above 15 °C, large cherries tend to bloom more and less fruit. Planting large cherries requires a daily average temperature of 10 ° C or more in the days of 150-200 days; winter -20 ° C low temperature will cause large cherry chilling damage, large branches longitudinal cracking, flow glue. In the northern part of Dalian and the suburbs of Beijing, there have been lessons about the failure of introducing large cherries due to pumping and freezing. Therefore, the introduction of the development of large cherry, not only depends on the local average temperature, precipitation, sunshine, frost-free period and other factors, but also carefully analyze the characteristics of the local microclimate, first planting, and then development.
Second, the problem of freezing damage:
(1) When planting gardens, choose large plots of cherries that are not susceptible to frost damage.
(2) Strengthening the management of fertilizer and water, the management of water and fertilizer in the later stage of growth is particularly important. Add organic fertilizer, pay attention to the basic fertilizer of autumn application, and apply enough to increase the nutrient storage of the tree. Do a good job in the prevention and treatment of various perforated leaf diseases and leaf-feeding pests, and protect the leaves. Strengthen the work of flood prevention and drainage to prevent the tree from weakening due to harm. Pour the frozen water before freezing to improve the anti-freezing ability of the tree.
(3) Pay attention to the weather changes at any time after germination. If there is a forecast of low temperature frost, you should immediately water the orchard, or pile up grass in the orchard before the frost to buffer the frost damage.
(4) Implementing conservation cultivation can effectively prevent freezing damage, and can be listed in advance, with high efficiency and conditional gardens should be actively promoted.
Third, the flood prevention problem:
Large cherries are extremely intolerant. Short-term accumulation of water or excessive humidity for a long period of time can cause poor growth and even suffocation. The main measures for flood control:
(1) Do not choose a low-lying land to build.
(2) Before the construction of the park, the whole garden will be turned over and the thickness of the living soil layer will be the same. The mountainous areas with thin soil layers and heavy underground obstacles should not be dug directly into the pots. It is best to first open the ditch to improve the ditch 80-100 cm. After backfilling, plant them as required. Increase the thickness of the active soil layer by breaking the ditch and improve the water seepage and drainage capacity of the soil.
(3) Implement ridge cultivation, plant trees on the ridges, and drain the ditch. Generally, the ridge width is 100-150 cm and the height is 20-30 cm. The furrow is connected with the drainage ditch and the drain main channel at the outer edge of the orchard. The ridge cultivation can not only prevent cockroaches, but also prevent the planting from being too deep and affecting the normal development of the tree.
(4) Eliminate the accumulation of water in the field after rainfall.
Fourth, the problem of cracking fruit:
Some large cherry varieties are highly susceptible to cracking, which seriously affects their commerciality and the main measures to prevent cracking:
(1) Use early and mid-maturing varieties such as early big fruit, red light, and early morning. These varieties mature before the rainy season and can avoid cracking. Planting late-maturing varieties should pay attention to the crack resistance of the varieties. At present, the varieties resistant to cracking are Labins, Stan, and Shami.
(2) Scientific irrigation of the fruit during the development period to prevent the soil from being wet and dry, and to maintain a balanced supply of water. When it is dry, it is necessary to pour water in small waters. It is strictly forbidden to flood the water.
(3) Large cherries cultivated in open fields should be constructed with simple shelters and rain-proof cultivation. They can also be temporarily covered with plastic film or snakeskin bags during rain and removed after rain.
(4) Pre-harvest cracking is often closely related to calcium deficiency in fruits. Calcium supplementation in trees is the main measure to prevent pre-harvest cracking of large cherry.
Fifth, the prevention and control of pests and diseases:
At present, the main pests and diseases of large cherry production include mulberry, green scorpion, leaf miner, perforation, leaf spot, root cancer and gum disease, which should be controlled separately in different growth stages.
1. Dormancy period. Combine the pruning to completely remove the residual branches, fallen leaves and fallen fruits in the field, scrape off the old bark of the tree, cut off the diseased shoots and completely destroy them to reduce the number of pests and diseases. At the same time, strengthen the tree protection, apply the fungicide or paint to the cutting saw and the scraping surface to prevent disease and infection.
2. Dry branch period. Eliminate tree pests and diseases.
3. Flowering period. Focus on the prevention and control of mulberry sputum, and strictly prohibit the use of highly toxic pesticides.
4, late mining. This period is a mixed period of various pests and diseases, mainly including defoliation, leaf miner, red spider, pear net, etc., promoting the use of drugs, and practicing both diseases and insects.
After the fruit picking, the management of the cherry tree must be grasped, and the following aspects should be done.
1. Thinning and twisting.
After harvesting the cherry fruit, the dense branches, the weak branches and the diseased insects should be thinned or shortened to improve the inner light and reduce the consumption; the long branches and the competitive branches with strong growth are twisted by 180 degrees to weaken the growth potential. Promote flower bud differentiation; continue to lightly pick the heart after twisting the shoots, gently pick the heart, ease the tree potential, improve the fruit setting rate and fruit quality.
2, timely pull, control.
Pull the strong Wangzhi to a place with space, the main branch angle should be maintained at 80 degrees to 90 degrees; the distance between the main branches in the same direction is 80~100 cm; the overlapping branches can be horizontally pulled, or the distance between the branches can be 15 Spray 2~3 times of paclobutrazol 200~300 times solution or PBO180~200 times solution.
3, timely fertilizer.
About 10 days after picking the fruit, the NPK fertilizer was applied in time for the comprehensive fertilizer of the fruit trees. The result was about 1 kg per plant, and the water was applied after fertilization.
4, foliar spray fertilizer.
After harvesting for 1 week, combined with pest control, spraying foliar fertilizer 1~2 times, delaying the leaves and promoting the development of flower buds.
5. Irrigation.
Immediately after fruit harvesting, fertilization should be applied. The amount of irrigation should be just wet on the surface of the ground. Generally, the soil moisture should be kept at about 70% of the field water holding capacity.
6, early application of base fertilizer.
Fertilization should be in the first ten days of September. As a result, 3 kg of bio-fertilizer + 1.5 kg of compound fertilizer will be applied to each tree, which will provide a strong guarantee for flowering and fruit setting in the coming year.
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