[China Aluminum Industry Network] 1) Fast Forward and Precision Movement
In CNC machining, both G00 and G01 commands are used to control linear tool movement, but they serve different purposes. Many beginners often confuse them, which can lead to errors in the machining process.
The feed rate for working movements (such as G01, G02, G03) is controlled by the F command in the program. However, for fast traverse movements (like G00 and parts of the reference point return), the speed is not set in the program itself. Instead, it's pre-defined in the machine's parameters and stored within the CNC system.
When using working feed commands, it's essential that the tool reaches the correct endpoint with accurate path and feed speed. This requires precise interpolation calculations and real-time dynamic control to ensure smooth and accurate motion.
The main purpose of a fast traverse (G00) is to reduce non-cutting travel time. However, in multi-axis machines, the movement path can be complex and unpredictable, making it unsuitable for actual cutting operations.
2) Positioning Accuracy vs. Repeatability
Many machining center manufacturers only list repeatability in their marketing materials, which can mislead users into thinking that repeatability is the primary factor in determining part accuracy. In reality, high repeatability does not guarantee high machining accuracy. Positioning accuracy is the key factor that determines how precisely a part can be machined.
Repeatability refers to the machine’s ability to return to the same position repeatedly. It is measured by fixing a dial indicator on the spindle, calibrating it at a zero point, moving the spindle to a random position, and then returning it to the original spot. The maximum deviation from the zero point after multiple cycles is considered the repeatability error.
With modern CNC technology and typical electromechanical configurations—such as servo motors, rotary encoders, ball screws, or rack and pinion systems—the repeatability error is usually less than 2 pulse equivalents, which is much smaller than 0.01 mm.
Positioning accuracy, on the other hand, measures how accurately the machine can move a specified distance across its full stroke. For large aluminum processing centers, this stroke can extend up to 7 meters. Laser interferometers are typically used to measure this accuracy.
Factors like guide rail shape errors, mechanical play, screw or rack inaccuracies, machine deformation, and electrical following errors can affect positioning accuracy. These errors are measured using a laser interferometer and then input into the CNC system for compensation, significantly improving overall machining precision.
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