Sugarcane has a long growing season and requires a large amount of fertilizer. According to the study, each ton of raw sugar cane is extracted from the soil by nitrogen (N) 1.5 to 2 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 1 to 1.5 kg, and potassium oxide (K2O) 2 to 2.5kg, calcium oxide (CaO) 0.5 ~ 0.75kg.
In the growth process of sugar cane, the fertilizer requirements are different at different times. The general rule of fertilizer is roughly “two less, more middleâ€, that is, in the seedling stage, the fertilizer needs to be urgently cut and the absorption is less, and the demand for nitrogen is needed. A little more, phosphorus and potassium are second; in the tillering stage, the amount of fertilizer needed to increase gradually, and the absorption of the three factors accounts for about 10% to 20% of the whole period; when it enters the elongation period, the absorption of the three elements increases greatly. It accounts for more than 50% of the whole period. At this time, it is the high temperature and rainy season and the strong light season. Sugarcane has the highest utilization rate of light energy and nutrients, which is the key fertilization period. After the maturity period, the sugarcane needs less fertilizer.
According to the nutritional needs and characteristics of sugarcane, high-yield cultivation and fertilization should be carried out according to the principle of “combination of nutrient and growth demand, combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, combination of long-acting fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizerâ€.
1. Pay attention to the application of organic fertilizers and create conditions for the development of organic fertilizer sources.
In sugarcane cultivation, manure and mature compost are good organic fertilizers, organic fertilizers are suitable as base fertilizers, generally 1500kg per mu, applied evenly on both sides of seedlings or seedlings, and then applied fertilizer to heap fertilizer Cover the soil. The conditional sugarcane area should actively intercropped green manure and legume crops in the sugarcane field, and cooperate with the chemical fertilizer in the sugarcane topdressing and soil cultivation.
2. According to the characteristics of various growth stages of sugarcane, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied in combination, the base fertilizer is applied, the fertilizer is emphasized, and the tail fertilizer is supplemented.
Applying the base fertilizer, when the sugarcane is cultivated, the whole growth period is 20-30% nitrogen fertilizer, 60-80% phosphate fertilizer, 60-80% (if less amount is used as the base fertilizer), potassium fertilizer and silicon fertilizer are mixed as the base fertilizer, and the seedlings are applied to both sides or On the seedlings, cover the soil again.
Re-application of attacking fertilizer, at the end of May and early June, when the rainy season is coming, when sugar cane begins to joint, more than 60% of the nitrogen fertilizer and 20% to 40% of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period are used, and the mixture is uniformly applied to the base of the cane root to carry out the large-scale soil.
To supplement the strong tail fertilizer, the sugarcane has a long growth cycle, requires a large amount of fertilizer, and is easy to be de-fertilized in the later stage. In order to ensure the nutrition of the early non-premature senescence and the next year's root cane bud, it should be applied in the middle and late August, and timely supplement the tail fertilizer. Use quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer.
The above fertilization technology is for reference only. In actual production, fertilization should be carried out in time according to the growth of sugarcane. In short, as long as we carefully follow the law of sugarcane growth, due to soil fertilization, it will achieve good yield-increasing effects.
In the growth process of sugar cane, the fertilizer requirements are different at different times. The general rule of fertilizer is roughly “two less, more middleâ€, that is, in the seedling stage, the fertilizer needs to be urgently cut and the absorption is less, and the demand for nitrogen is needed. A little more, phosphorus and potassium are second; in the tillering stage, the amount of fertilizer needed to increase gradually, and the absorption of the three factors accounts for about 10% to 20% of the whole period; when it enters the elongation period, the absorption of the three elements increases greatly. It accounts for more than 50% of the whole period. At this time, it is the high temperature and rainy season and the strong light season. Sugarcane has the highest utilization rate of light energy and nutrients, which is the key fertilization period. After the maturity period, the sugarcane needs less fertilizer.
According to the nutritional needs and characteristics of sugarcane, high-yield cultivation and fertilization should be carried out according to the principle of “combination of nutrient and growth demand, combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, combination of long-acting fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizerâ€.
1. Pay attention to the application of organic fertilizers and create conditions for the development of organic fertilizer sources.
In sugarcane cultivation, manure and mature compost are good organic fertilizers, organic fertilizers are suitable as base fertilizers, generally 1500kg per mu, applied evenly on both sides of seedlings or seedlings, and then applied fertilizer to heap fertilizer Cover the soil. The conditional sugarcane area should actively intercropped green manure and legume crops in the sugarcane field, and cooperate with the chemical fertilizer in the sugarcane topdressing and soil cultivation.
2. According to the characteristics of various growth stages of sugarcane, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied in combination, the base fertilizer is applied, the fertilizer is emphasized, and the tail fertilizer is supplemented.
Applying the base fertilizer, when the sugarcane is cultivated, the whole growth period is 20-30% nitrogen fertilizer, 60-80% phosphate fertilizer, 60-80% (if less amount is used as the base fertilizer), potassium fertilizer and silicon fertilizer are mixed as the base fertilizer, and the seedlings are applied to both sides or On the seedlings, cover the soil again.
Re-application of attacking fertilizer, at the end of May and early June, when the rainy season is coming, when sugar cane begins to joint, more than 60% of the nitrogen fertilizer and 20% to 40% of the phosphate fertilizer in the whole growth period are used, and the mixture is uniformly applied to the base of the cane root to carry out the large-scale soil.
To supplement the strong tail fertilizer, the sugarcane has a long growth cycle, requires a large amount of fertilizer, and is easy to be de-fertilized in the later stage. In order to ensure the nutrition of the early non-premature senescence and the next year's root cane bud, it should be applied in the middle and late August, and timely supplement the tail fertilizer. Use quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer.
The above fertilization technology is for reference only. In actual production, fertilization should be carried out in time according to the growth of sugarcane. In short, as long as we carefully follow the law of sugarcane growth, due to soil fertilization, it will achieve good yield-increasing effects.
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