On-the-spot first-aid for hazardous chemical accidents, on the one hand, to prevent burns and poisoning from continuing to deepen, and on the other hand, to maintain respiratory and circulatory functions. These are the two most important principles of on-site treatment. For chemical skin burns, remove them immediately from the scene, quickly remove contaminated underwear, footwear, etc., and rinse the wound with plenty of running water for 20 to 30 minutes (stronger chemicals are longer) to dilute toxic substances. To prevent further damage and absorption through the wound. Do not apply ointment or red syrup, purple syrup on fresh wounds, do not wrap with dirty cloth; use yellow water to wash, soak or cover the wound with a lot of clean wet cloth. For chemical eye burns, one should quickly rinse with water on the spot. Use running water, pry open the eyelids during rinsing, and thoroughly rinse the chemicals wrapped in the eyelids. If there is no flushing equipment on site, you can bury your head in the clean basin water, open the eyelids, and let the eyeballs rotate back and forth for washing. If Calcium Carbide and quicklime particles are splashed into the eyes, the cotton swabs of paraffin or vegetable oil should be removed from the granules and rinsed with water. For acute poisoning of dangerous chemicals, if it is contaminated with skin, quickly remove contaminated clothing and rinse with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes. When the head and face are contaminated, first pay attention to flushing your eyes. If it is inhaled, it should be quickly removed from the poisoning site, move to the fresh air in the upward direction, and untie the patient's collar, relax the belt, keep the airway open, and keep warm to prevent cold. In the case of oral poisoning, if the poison is a non-corrosive substance, it can be vomited by vomiting. When you accidentally take strong alkaline, strong acid and other corrosive substances, vomiting will cause serious damage to the esophagus and throat again. You can take milk, egg white, soy milk, starch paste, etc. At this time, you cannot wash the stomach or take sodium bicarbonate. In order to prevent flatulence caused by flatulence. If a heartbeat or respiratory arrest occurs in a poisoned person, artificial respiration and extracorporeal cardiac compression should be performed immediately to maintain respiratory and circulatory function. After a simple first aid on the spot, the patient should be taken to the hospital in time. The escort should provide the hospital with the cause of the burn or poisoning, the name of the chemical; if the chemical is unknown, take the sample of the material or vomit for hospital testing. On-site participants should pay attention to their own protection. If the time is not long, for water-soluble poisons (chlorine, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, etc.), use a soaked towel to cover the nose and mouth for simple protection, and conditional wearable gas masks, etc. Protective equipment. While rescuing patients, we should try to prevent leakage and prevent the spread of poison. |
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