Common additives for recycled plastics are:
(l) Filler: Most fillers play a reinforcing role, and are also an important part of plastic modification and preparation of composite materials, such as graphite, aluminum disulfide, asbestos fiber and glass fiber; also known as filler or filler. The filler accounts for about 40% to 70% of the plastic constituent materials. Commonly used fillers are wood powder, talc powder, diatomaceous earth, limestone powder, aluminum powder, carbon black, mica, aluminum disulfide, asbestos, and glass fiber. Among them, fiber filler can improve the structural strength of plastic; asbestos filler can improve the heat resistance of plastic; mica filler can enhance the electrical insulation of plastic; graphite and aluminum disulfide filler can improve the friction and wear resistance of plastic. In addition, since the filler is generally cheaper than the synthetic resin, the addition of the filler can reduce the cost of the plastic.
(2) Curing: Also known as hardener or curing agent. Its function is to make the resin have a body-like network structure by cross-linking, and become a hard and stable rubber product. Different kinds of resins should use different kinds of curing agents. For example, hexamethylenetetramine is added to the phenol resin, and ethylenediamine, maleic anhydride or the like is added to the epoxy resin.
(3) Plasticizer: In order to improve the plasticity of the plastic during processing and the flexibility and elasticity of the product,
A small amount of plasticizer is added during the production and processing of plastic products. Plasticizers are generally solid or liquid organic compounds having a low molecular weight that are less volatile. Mainly lipids and ketones, commonly used dioctyl phthalate, dioctyl phosphate, xylylene phosphate, adipic acid, benzophenone and the like. For example, the addition of dibutyl phthalate to polyvinyl chloride resin can make plastics soft and elastic, but studies have shown that it can be used for various organs such as the reproductive organs, blood, kidneys, lungs, liver, etc. of experimental animals. Causes damage, especially in pregnant women and developmental children.
(4) Stabilizer: In the process of molding and processing, the artificial turf is degraded prematurely due to the action of heat and photo-oxidation, and the phenomenon of oxidative chain breaking and cross-linking deteriorates the material performance. In order to prevent premature aging of plastic fibers by heat, light, etc., a small amount of stabilizing substances can be added, for example, organic substances such as phenols and amines can be added to resist oxidation, and carbon inks can be used as ultraviolet absorbers; Heat stabilizers are the most widely used additives in plastics other than plasticizers. In general, epoxidized seed oils or vegetable oils such as soybean oil (ESBO) are used in large quantities as heat stabilizers, lubricants, and plasticizers for plastic food packaging materials. The epoxidized vegetable oil of 0.1%~27% usually contains 0.1%~27% of the epoxidized vegetable oil. Since the residual ethylene oxide in vegetable oil is extremely toxic, the purity of the oil will directly affect its toxicity. Generally, the greater the molecular weight (i.e., the lower the solubility), the less toxic.
(5) Flame retardant: The function is to prevent combustion or cause self-extinguishing. The more mature flame retardants are inorganic substances such as cerium oxide or organic substances such as phosphoric acid and Australian compounds.
(6) Colorant: In order to impart a specific color and gloss to the plastic article, a coloring agent may be added. Colorants are classified into dyes and pigments according to their solubility in the coloring medium. The dyes are all organic compounds and are soluble in the pigmented resin; the pigments are generally inorganic compounds, insoluble in the pigmented medium, and their coloration is dispersed in the dyed medium by their own highly dispersible particles, and their refractive index is different from the matrix. Large, absorbs a part of the light, and reflects another part of the light, giving people a color of vision. The pigment not only has a coloring property to the plastic, but also functions as a filler and a stabilizer. In addition, lubricants, antistatic agents, foaming agents, flame retardants, and mildewproof agents are sometimes added depending on the needs of construction plastics and molding processes.
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