When it comes to the coupling bolt itself, the primary factor influencing the preload force is its structural dimensions. The current design of the coupling bolt is based on structural data from earlier domestic and international units, along with existing manufacturing processes. However, due to the use of a countersunk structure, the thread size that can be matched with the nut is limited, making it difficult to increase the thread diameter significantly. In addition, during the bolt manufacturing process, a groove or undercut must be included for machining purposes, which becomes a critical factor limiting the preload force. This undercut creates high stress concentration, so simply increasing the preload force is not advisable. Currently, the preload force of the coupling bolt is restricted by ensuring that the maximum tensile stress in the bolt does not exceed 300 MPa (previously set at 250 MPa). To enhance the preload force, it is necessary to increase the minimum diameter of the bolt at the undercut area.
The preload force of the coupling bolt should be carefully controlled to ensure an adequate level while also meeting strength requirements. To guarantee accurate elongation measurement, the bolt length must be measured after installation in the wheel hole, and the positioning of the bolt before and after tightening should remain consistent to reduce measurement errors. If the reaming accuracy of the bolt holes in the coupling is poor, the clearance between the bolt and the hole may become too large. When the tightening force is insufficient, relative rotation between the coupling components can occur, leading to increased shaft vibration and potential mechanical failure over time.
Therefore, optimizing the design of the coupling bolt is essential—not only to improve the preload capacity but also to ensure long-term reliability and performance. This includes refining the manufacturing process, improving hole reaming precision, and considering material properties that allow for higher stress resistance without compromising structural integrity. By addressing these factors, the overall efficiency and safety of the coupling system can be significantly enhanced.
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