China's graphite resources are very rich, and its reserves rank first in the world. After the founding of the country, the graphite industry has developed rapidly. Jianguo only produced about 470,000 tons of graphite. By 1988, there were more than 25 graphite mines in the county and above, and there were more than 100 small and medium-sized graphite mines in townships, towns, and villages. In particular, individual contracted graphite mines in Shandong Pingdu and Laixi were dotted. The annual annual graphite output reached 300,000 tons, including 100,000 tons of cryptocrystalline graphite. The output and export volume of graphite also ranked first in the world. Graphite products have evolved from a single primary raw material in the past to the current production of 14 varieties, nearly 200 specifications of graphite products and their products.
In recent years, the extensive application of flake graphite in international metallurgical continuous casting and refractory materials has made scaly graphite in short supply, and the domestic and international market prices have risen, promoting and accelerating the production and development of flake graphite in China. In Shandong, Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang, which are rich in flake graphite, In Henan, Hebei and other provinces, the climax of large graphite was set off, and a “black whirlwind†of graphite heat was blown across the country. Wherever there are graphite weathering mines on the surface, graphite mines have been built or are being built. Most mines lack reliable geological data, but there is no formal mining design, which will inevitably lead to indiscriminate mining and drainage. The recovery rate of ore dressing is as low as 40%, which makes the waste of limited graphite resources in China very serious. Most of these mines lack technical, capital and management experience, and most of the graphite produced is low- and medium-carbon hybrid products. The product structure also cannot adapt to market demand. The above problems should be brought to the attention of the non-gold mining department. At present, the graphite required for the refractory system is larger than 80 mesh, and the carbon content is 80-85%. It is not a very important parameter for the pure graphite. However, the type of ash is an important factor. If the ash is too alkaline, it is difficult to undergo smelting, thereby shortening the life of the cockroach. Graphite used in magnesium graphite bricks and aluminum graphite refractories requires a strength of -100 mesh, +100 mesh, and +80 mesh carbon with 94% or more graphite. The different requirements of the user for the product require that the graphite beneficiation has a more flexible process to meet the user's demand for different particle sizes and different grades of graphite.
At present, there are two main methods for producing 94~95% carbon in China: the first method takes Liumao and Jixi scales as an example. It is used to fill small steel sections in the beneficiation and regrind process, and uses large diameter and long cylinder type. Grinding mill grinding, using extended grinding time to improve the grade of each product in the concentrate, Liumao Concentrator has four times of re-grinding, six selection processes, -100 mesh graphite products have also reached more than 94%, this length The time regrind process will inevitably cause damage to some large scale graphite. The second method takes Nanshu and other mines as examples. They are used to protect large scale graphite and use hydrocyclones, mills and other equipment. After the dry classification, the -100 mesh carbon graphite was subjected to flat grinding flotation to obtain -194 and -195 products. It is not desirable to obtain graphite products by using the above two methods. For many years, Liumao Scale Mine and Nanshu Mine have done a lot of experimental research work in order to adapt to the needs of users. In the ore dressing process, wet advanced grading and branch selection tests are proposed. Nanshu carried out production tests such as wet vibrating screen, bucket type water screen and swirling water screen in the early classification of large pieces. In recent years, Nanshu, Pingdu and other mines have made encouraging progress by using vibrating mills and adding grinding aids to improve the concentrate grade.
In order to improve the competitiveness of graphite products in the international market and increase the marketable products on the market, take the road of deep processing of graphite and improve the economic benefits of enterprises. The graphite industry should strengthen horizontal integration, improve industry management, and gradually embark on the road of technological and economic integration. The production technology and management problems existing between enterprises are based on large and medium-sized enterprises. The association and the beneficiary units invest certain funds and organize technical forces to tackle problems. In order to achieve the purpose of better developing the graphite industry in China.
(Qingdao Graphite Co., Ltd. Wang Anbang)
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