According to foreign media New Atlas, cement is the most widely used construction material in the world, so it is not surprising that the production of cement is one of the biggest contributors to carbon emissions. Researchers at MIT now claim to have developed a new method that can make the cement production process more environmentally friendly, removing most of the carbon emissions without affecting the final product.
Portland cement is the most common type of cement, by grinding limestone, mixing it with sand and clay, and then heating it at extremely high temperatures (up to 1450 ° C). Not only does the energy used to heat the mixture produce large amounts of carbon dioxide, but in the process, greenhouse gases are also released by the limestone itself. In short, this means that about one kilogram of carbon dioxide is released for every kilogram of cement produced, and 8% of the global annual carbon emissions are contributed by the process of manufacturing cement.
Although some people think that concrete will eventually absorb most of the carbon dioxide emitted during its production process, reducing carbon emissions from the manufacturing process is still not a bad idea. Researchers have tried to change the composition ratio, develop new "geopolymer" formulations, or replace cement with environmentally friendly composite adhesives.
The problem with all these ideas is that the end result is different types of concrete. The construction industry may initially be reluctant to start using different materials. Therefore, the researchers of the new research focused on improving one step of the conventional process to make ordinary old cement more environmentally friendly without changing the material itself.
The new process is not to heat and grind limestone, but to use electrolytic cells, the electrode breaks down water molecules. Doing so will produce acid on one electrode and alkali on the other electrode. Limestone is dissolved in acid, and calcium hydroxide is formed as a solid flake at the other end. These lime flakes can then be harvested to produce cement. Of course, carbon dioxide will still be produced during this process because the limestone dissolves. But it is not released into the air-instead, it can be captured because it is pure and can be used for other purposes, such as making liquid fuel or carbonated beverages. The team even stated that it can be combined with the oxygen produced by the same system and then burned to provide fuel for the new cement manufacturing process.
The researchers demonstrated the technology in the laboratory and proved it to be effective on a small scale. The team says it can easily scale up, but it is still only part of a larger process to make cement. More work needs to be done before implementation in the real world, but this is a promising step.
The research was published in the journal "PNAS".
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