Humans have long used geothermal energy, such as using hot spring bathing, medical treatment, using underground hot water for heating, building crop greenhouses, aquaculture and drying grains. However, the real understanding of geothermal resources and the large-scale development and utilization began in the middle of the 20th century.
Geothermal energy is renewable heat from the depths of the earth. It originates from the decay of molten magma and radioactive materials on Earth. The deep circulation of groundwater and the magma from the deepest intrusion into the earth's crust, bringing heat from the depths of the ground to the near surface. Its reserves are much larger than the total amount of energy currently used by people, and most of them are concentrated in the edge of the tectonic plate, which is also a volcanic and earthquake-prone area. It is not only a clean, non-polluting source of energy, but if the rate of heat extraction does not exceed the rate of replenishment, then the heat is renewable.
How to take advantage of this huge potential energy? In 1904, the Italian prince Giorgio Ginoni Conti used natural geothermal steam for power generation in Ladrero. Geothermal power generation uses hydraulic or blasting to inject water into the rock formation, producing high-temperature steam, which is then pumped out of the ground to propel the turbine to rotate to power the generator. In this process, a part of the unused or exhaust gas is reduced by the condenser treatment and returned to the ground, so that the cycle is repeated. The installed capacity of power generation in 1990 reached 6000 MW, and the total amount of direct use of geothermal resources was equivalent to 4.1 Mt of oil equivalent.
Geothermal energy is a new kind of clean energy. Under the current situation of people's environmental awareness and energy shortage, the rational development and utilization of geothermal resources has become more and more popular. On the day [1], the geothermal energy stored within 2000 meters of the surface is 250 billion tons of standard coal. The amount of geothermal resources that can be mined in the country is 6.8 billion cubic meters per year, and the amount of heat contained is 973 trillion kilojoules. In terms of the scale of geothermal utilization, China has been ranked first in the world in recent years and is growing steadily at a rate of nearly 10% per year.
In the development of geothermal resources in China, after years of technical accumulation, the benefits of geothermal power generation have significantly improved. In addition to geothermal power generation, direct use of geothermal water for building heating, development of greenhouse agriculture and hot spring tourism has also been rapidly developed. The geothermal power generation represented by Tibet Yangbajing, the geothermal heating represented by Tianjin and Xi'an, the recuperation and tourism represented by the southeast coast, and the development and utilization pattern of planting and breeding represented by the North China Plain have been basically formed throughout the country.
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