Cemented carbide

The mechanical manufacturing industry needs the business philosophy of “high precision, high efficiency, high reliability and specialization”. In the field of modern tool manufacturing and use, the concept of “efficiency first” has replaced the traditional concept of “performance price ratio”. This change has cleared the way for the development of high-tech, high-efficiency tools.

Cemented carbide not only has high wear resistance, but also high toughness (compared to super-hard materials), so it is widely used, and it is still the most widely used tool material in the future. As can be seen from previous Machine Tool Expos, carbide indexable tools cover almost all types of tools. With the development of science and technology and the advancement of cutting tool technology, the performance of cemented carbide has been greatly improved: first, the development of a 1~2μm fine-grained cemented carbide to improve toughness; secondly, the development of coated cemented carbide. Compared to high-speed steel tools, the market share of cemented carbide coated tools has increased even more, because high strength is more important under high temperature and high speed cutting parameters.

Modern cutting tools, hard alloys show their strength, looking forward to the future, tool materials are undoubtedly the world of hard alloys.

Superhard tool material

Superhard material is a general term for materials with high hardness represented by diamond. Although there is no strict regulation on the category of superhard materials, it is customary to refer to materials with diamonds and hardness close to diamond hardness as superhard materials.

1) Diamond

Diamond is the hardest material found in the world. Diamond tools have high hardness, high wear resistance and high thermal conductivity. They are widely used in non-ferrous metals and non-metal processing, especially in high-speed machining of aluminum and silicon-aluminum alloys, such as car engine blocks and cylinder heads. In the processing of gearboxes and various pistons, diamond tools are hard to replace the main cutting tools. In recent years, due to the popularization of CNC machine tools and the rapid development of CNC machining technology, the application of diamond tools that can achieve high efficiency, high stability and long life processing has become increasingly popular. Diamond tools are now and in the future important tools that are indispensable for CNC machining.

2) Cubic boron nitride (CBN)

Cubic boron nitride is an isomer of boron nitride. Its structure is similar to that of diamond. Its hardness is as high as 8000~9000HV, its heat resistance is 1400°C, and its wear resistance is good. The polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) developed in recent years is a polycrystalline material that sinters fine CBN particles through a bonding phase under high temperature and high pressure, and is suitable for hardened steel (45~65HRC) and bearing steel (60). ~64HRC), high-speed steel (63~66HRC), rough and refined chilled cast iron, and capable of high-speed machining of high-temperature alloys, thermal spray materials, hard alloys and other difficult-to-machine materials.

3) Ceramic knives

Ceramic knives are one of the most promising tools and have attracted the attention of the world tool industry. In industrially developed Germany, about 70% of the processing of castings is done by ceramic tools, and the annual consumption of Japanese ceramic tools has accounted for 8% to 10% of the total number of tools. Due to CNC machine tools, efficient and pollution-free cutting, The hard materials and other factors force the tool materials to be replaced. The ceramic tools are in line with the trend, and continue to reform and innovate. Add 20%~30% SiC crystal liquid to the Al2O3 ceramic matrix to make the whisker toughened ceramic materials. SiC whiskers act like steel bars in reinforced concrete. They can be obstacles that block or change the direction of crack propagation, and greatly improve the toughness of the tool. It is a promising tool material. In order to improve the toughness of pure alumina ceramics, a metal content of less than 10% is added to form a so-called cermet. Such tool materials have strong vitality and are moving forward with strong momentum, and may become a tool material in the future. New family member.

The main raw materials for ceramic knives are Al2O3, SiO2, carbides, etc., which are the most abundant resources in the earth's crust. There is no source of raw materials for developing such tools. Therefore, the development of applied ceramic knives has important strategic significance and far-reaching historical significance.

Due to the rapid advancement of cutting machine tools and cutting technology, the tools are forced to be passively synchronized. The development trend of tool materials is toward high efficiency, high speed and long life. In the development of various tool materials, cemented carbide (including coated cemented carbide) stands out; HSS will shrink further; HSS-E will increase slowly; HSS-PM will make great progress; DH will continue to expand and disrupt the market. However, the good times are not long; the super-hard tool materials have broad development space and will continue to expand the application ratio. The overall pattern of cemented carbide is the main line, and the various materials have unique advantages and applications, but also develop and compete with each other and replace each other.

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