According to foreign media reports, a group of researchers at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory in the United States designed a flexible lithium-ion battery, even if it is cut, immersed, or simulated ballistic impact Under extreme conditions, the battery can work normally, and now, the battery will not catch fire.
The current lithium-ion batteries are made of flammable and combustible materials, and are prone to catastrophic fires and explosions. Most of them happen suddenly without any discernible warning. Due to the danger, the Samsung Galaxy Note7 mobile phone was banned from use on airplanes, and the Navy also prohibited the use of electronic cigarettes on ships and submarines to reduce the risk of such flammable equipment.
As such batteries have gradually become the preferred energy storage tool for applications such as portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and grid storage, the ability to improve their safety will mark a major shift in the production and use of lithium-ion batteries.
Recently, in the journal "Chemicals", a research team led by Konstantinos Gerasopoulos of the APL Research and Exploration Development Department published findings: a new type of water-in-salt (WiS) and water-in-bisalt (WiBS) electrolyte When combined with a polymer matrix, it can reduce water activity, increase battery energy, extend its life cycle, and eliminate flammable, toxic, and highly active solvents in current lithium-ion batteries. Researchers say the electrolyte is a safe and powerful alternative.
APL senior research scientist and principal researcher Gerasopoulos said: "From mobile phones to automobiles, lithium-ion batteries have become a common product in daily life, and continuing to improve their safety is essential to further promote the development of energy storage technology. Since the 1990s In the early days, since the commercialization of lithium-ion batteries, the shape factor has not changed much. We still use the same cylindrical or diamond-shaped battery cells, and the liquid electrolyte and the required sealed packaging are very different from this shape. relationship."
"Our research team is committed to replacing flammable liquid electrolytes with a polymer with improved safety and form factor, and recent papers indicate that water-based flexible polymer lithium-ion batteries can be manufactured and operated in open air , And its usability and performance have been improved. "
In the new study, the team overcame the limitations of liquid WiBS electrolyte. Due to the presence of water, liquid WiBS electrolytes are inherently safe, but their energy is limited and incompatible with most commercial anode materials. The researchers developed "stable, WiBS-based aqueous gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs). In the presence of WiBS, the researchers made this electrolyte by UV-mediated polymerization of water-soluble acrylates."
Scientists have proved that the UV curing process and the integration of WiBS in the polymer can improve the retention of free water, and the retention will be coordinated by the polymer, which can improve its electrochemical stability. The researchers said: "We have demonstrated for the first time that the low-cost anode nano-sized lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12, LTO) widely used in the market can be used in aqueous polymer lithium-ion batteries and can be reliably cycled more than 100 times."
In 2017, researchers had developed a breakthrough flexible battery. The new polymer electrolyte developed this time has further improved the damage tolerance of this battery.
Gerasopoulos said: "The first generation of flexible batteries is not as stable in size as the batteries we manufacture now. The UV-curable polymer we developed is an independent, mechanically strong film similar to contact lenses. Even if such batteries are completely exposed In the air, you can work continuously for several days. And you can burn them, cut them, or apply pressure to them in other ways, and they can still work. "
"We have successfully improved the mechanical strength and electrochemical stability of GPE and can transition this new supersaturated hydrogel polymer electrolyte (GPE) from proof of concept to practical application."
Jeff Maranchi regional director of Materials Science Project APL, said: "Our team is constantly improving the safety and performance of flexible lithium-ion batteries, and we hope that within a year the new study can be transformed into a prototype." (Author: Yuqiu Yun)
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